Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 38 July 28, 2000

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8 03 AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY �� 20000062019 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Comparison of Pilots’ Situational Awareness While Monitoring Autoland Approaches Using Conventional and Advanced Flight Display Formats Kramer, Lynda J., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Busquets, Anthony M., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; May 2000; 125p; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 522-19-11-01 Report No.(s): NASA/TP-2000-210284; NAS 1.60:210284; L-17981; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche A simulation experiment was performed to assess situation awareness (SA) and workload of pilots while monitoring simulated autoland operations in Instrument Meteorological Conditions with three advanced display concepts: two enhanced electronic flight information system (EFIS)-type display concepts and one totally synthetic, integrated pictorial display concept. Each concept incorporated sensor-derived wireframe runway and iconic depictions of sensor-detected traffic in different locations on the display media. Various scenarios, involving conflicting traffic situation assessments, main display failures, and navigation/ autopilot system errors, were used to assess the pilots’ SA and workload during autoland approaches with the display concepts. From the results, for each scenario, the integrated pictorial display concept provided the pilots with statistically equivalent or substantially improved SA over the other display concepts. In addition to increased SA, subjective rankings indicated that the pictorial concept offered reductions in overall pilot workload (in both mean ranking and spread) over the two enhanced EFIS-type display concepts. Out of the display concepts flown, the pilots ranked the pictorial concept as the display that was easiest to use to maintain situational awareness, to monitor an autoland approach, to interpret information from the runway and obstacle detecting sensor systems, and to make the decision to go around. Author Flight Simulation; Automatic Pilots; Display Devices; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Navigation Aids; Control Simulation; Guidance Sensors; Head-Up Displays 20000062844 National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC USA Aircraft Accident Report: Controlled Flight into Terrain Korean Air Flight 801, Boeing 747-300, HL7468, Nimitz Hill, Guam, August 6, 1997 Jan. 13, 2000; 222p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A377407; NTSB/AAR-00/01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche On August 6, 1997, about 0142:26 Guam local time, Korean Air flight 801, a Boeing 747-3B5B (747-300), Korean registration 11L7468, operated by Korean Air Company, Ltd., crashed at Nimitz Hill, Guam. Flight 801 departed from Kimpo International Airport, Seoul, Korea, with 2 pilots, 1 flight engineer, 14 flight attendants, and 237 passengers on board. The airplane had been cleared to land on runway 6 Left at A.B. Won Guam International Airport, Agana, Guam, and crashed into high terrain about 3 miles southwest of the airport. of the 254 persons on board, 228 were killed, and 23 passengers and 3 flight attendants survived the accident with serious injuries. The airplane was destroyed by impact forces and a postcrash fire. Flight 801 was operating in U.S. airspace as a regularly scheduled international passenger service flight under the Convention on International Civil Aviation and the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 129 and was on an instrument flight rules flight plan. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the Korean Air flight 801 accident was the captain’s failure to adequately brief and execute the nonprecision approach and the first officer’s and flight engineer’s failure to effectively monitor and cross-check the captain’s execution of the approach. Contributing to these failures were the captain’s fatigue and Korean Air’s inadequate flight crew training. Contributing to the accident was the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) intentional inhibition of the minimum safe altitude warning system (MSAW) at Guam and the agency’s failure to adequately manage the system. The safety issues in this report focus on flight crew performance, approach procedures, and pilot training; air traffic control, including controller performance and the intentional inhibition of the MSAW system at Guam; emergency response; the adequacy of Korean Civil Aviation Bureau (KCAB) and FAA over DTIC Aircraft Accidents; Pilot Error; Human Performance; Flight Crews; Education; Pilot Training
20000063509 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH USA Freezing Rain as an In-Flight Icing Hazard Bernstein, Ben C., National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA; Ratvasky, Thomas P., NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Miller, Dean R., NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; McDonough, Frank, National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA; June 2000; 12p; In English; 8th; Aviation, Range and Aerospace Meteorology, 10-15 Jan. 1999, Dallas, TX, USA; Sponsored by American Meteorological Society, USA Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS3-88; RTOP 548-21-23 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2000-210058; E-12260; NAS 1.15:210058; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Exposure to supercooled large drops (SLD-subfreezing water droplets with diameters greater than approx. 50 microns) can pose a significant threat to the safety of some aircraft. Although SLD includes both freezing drizzle (FZDZ) and freezing rain (FZRA), much of the SLD research and development of operational SLD forecast tools has focused on FZDZ and ignored FZRA, regarding is as less of a hazard to aviation. This paper provides a counterpoint case study that demonstrates FZRA as a significant in-flight icing hazard. The case study is based on flight and meteorological data from a joint NASA/FAA/NCAR SLD icing research project collected on February 4, 1998. The NASA Twin Otter Icing Research Aircraft experienced a prolonged exposure to ”classical” FZRA that formed extensive ice formations including ridges and nodules on the wing and tail, and resulted in a substantial performance penalty. Although the case study provides only a singular FZRA event with one aircraft type, it is clear that classical FZRA can pose a significant in-flight icing hazard, and should not be ignored when considering SLD issues. Author Freezing; Ice Formation; Drop Size; Forecasting; Meteorological Parameters; Rain 20000065634 Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain Development of an Ice Accretion Prediction Code: Calculation of Efficiency Collection Module Desarrollo de un Codigo de Simulacion de Hielo: Modelo de Calculo de la Eficiencia de Captacion Duran, Jose Antonio Aparicio, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Spain; March 2000; 50p; In Spanish Report No.(s): TNO/4410/003/INTA/00; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This is part of a research project to develop a 2D ice accretion prediction code, called CODICE. This report focuses upon the subroutines which calculate the ice droplet trajectory and efficiency collection, in simple and multicomponent (profile with flap) airfoils, combined into a code called ICETRAJECT. This code can be used both with structured and unstructured grids. With regard to unstructured grids it has been developed a new interpolation method based on QUADTREE generation and linked lists data structure. This method improves the interpolation process in this kind of meshes to get velocity field flow, needed to calculate droplet trajectories. The velocity field flow, which is the input of ICETRAJECT can be computated by any external structured and unstructured solver. Author Ice Formation; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Applications Programs (Computers); Drops (Liquids); Trajectories 20000065678 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA Examining Air Mobility Command Support to the Expeditionary Aerospace Force Gimbus, Martin T.; Jun. 1999; 57p; In English Report No.(s): AD-A372348; AFIT/GMO/LAL/99Y-5; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche The Air Force has been tasked at an ever-increasing rate to support contingency operations around the world. These operations range from providing relief supplies to hurricane victims to providing combat firepower to enforce no-fly zones in Southwest Asia. As the Air Force responds to these contingencies, its opstempo has risen dramatically. The family lives of Air Force people are disrupted by the frequent and unpredictable deployments, which pushes experienced people out of the service. to counter these almost daily crises, the Air Force is creating a new organizational structure, the Expeditionary Aerospace Forces. The structure is based on providing light, lean forces, tailored to each individual contingency that allows rapid and decisive response to any potential crisis. This concept allows stability by providing a 15-month fixed schedule of what units would deploy and when. This paper examines the support required by Air Mobility Command’s airlift and air refueling assets under the Expeditionary concept. It focuses on the expected workload in deployment days for crews. The research compares current opstempo with the opstempo associated with past Air Expeditionary Force-type deployments and expected workload from the new concept. The results of the research depict a slight increase in opstempo under the Expeditionary concept but also discusses other possible reasons for the increase. DTIC Mobility; Support Systems; Aerospace Systems 9
Page 1 and 2: Scientific and Technical Aerospace
Page 3 and 4: Introduction Scientific and Technic
Page 5 and 6: Subject Divisions Table of Contents
Page 7 and 8: ground equipment and systems. For a
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Page 11 and 12: 48 Oceanography 139 Includes the ph
Page 13 and 14: 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics 191
Page 15 and 16: Document Availability Information T
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Page 19 and 20: NASA CASI Price Tables — Effectiv
Page 21 and 22: ALABAMA AUBURN UNIV. AT MONTGOMERY
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Page 27 and 28: English; 34th; 34th Thermophysics C
Page 29: ciency of the generated derivative
Page 33 and 34: 05 AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PER
Page 35 and 36: A long tradition of aerodynamic des
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Page 61 and 62: necessary for ignition modeling, or
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Page 67 and 68: ments. For the screening of liner m
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Pressure gradients, i.e. pressure h
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agreed that the NO(sub x) levels co
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tectural approach to extending the
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20000064078 Physics and Electronics
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20000064925 Institute for Human Fac
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20000062455 National Inst. of Stand
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Added Analysis (Risk Reduction); 6)
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shipboard electrical power generati
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20000067664 Jet Propulsion Lab., Ca
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other, The theoretical framework go
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figures compare the lift and pitchi
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ment phase demonstrate desired feat
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esolution mode with resolving power
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to track 1% or 0.5% changes was hig
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20000067643 NASA Marshall Space Fli
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37 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ��
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solver based on overset grid techno
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20000064621 Rensselaer Polytechnic
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that for a specific example of a be
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km x 1000 km). As with the nearly c
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20000064527 Analytical Imaging and
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20000064533 Austin State Univ., Dep
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20000064539 California Univ., Inst.
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in Yellowstone National Park. We ar
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terns of community hysteresis based
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tion model (DEM) fitting to the sca
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The Carolina slate belt is a 10- to
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20000063373 Los Alamos National Lab
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20000064912 New Energy and Industri
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and discusses the issues and resear
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The objective of this study was to
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distributions with engine test resu
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7.6, while the 1926 events appear t
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We investigate the compositional di
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Flight Center, USA; Moore, T. E., N
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This report presents the Applied Me
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in Goa, India, by 3 - 4 days. Wind
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51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes
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20000062717 Joint Inst. for Nuclear
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during 50% (SD 4%) of the breathing
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20000064711 Massachusetts Inst. of
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The analysis of this smaller data s
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vided a functional helmet mount. Th
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61 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWAR
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The goal of multi-image classificat
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20000063526 Defence Science and Tec
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85 dB amplifier design evolved by o
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20000064594 New Mexico Univ., Elect
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20000064615 NASA Ames Research Cent
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declarations with a pattern recogni
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containing point where interpolatio
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has his own responsibility, while t
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the people, documents and projects
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and experimental technology, many o
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tems. In particular this applicatio
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Over the past decade, high performa
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expensive than a single analysis. I
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20000064726 Carnegie-Mellon Univ.,
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20000064099 Teledyne Brown Engineer
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20000066597 Geophysical Observatory
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20000065633 Institute TNO of Applie
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important conclusion is that for su
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est frame of the string. The modifi
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isotopes. The method and program we
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A detailed study is undertaken, usi
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20000063497 Kaiser Electro-Optics,
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delivers 60% of the x-ray flux from
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76 SOLID-STATE PHYSICS ��
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20000064660 Abdus Salam Internation
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20000064703 Institute of Atomic Ene
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The BRST approach is applied to the
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20000067671 Hampton Univ., VA USA A
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82 DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SC
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ecoming almost too cumbersome to be
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physical world. These are the two p
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with WFPC2 data. Tests of HSTphot
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A brief description is given of the
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20000064070 NASA Ames Research Cent
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gas, show variations that have rema
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egy, called Power In that would all
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20000065631 NASA Kennedy Space Cent
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20000064089 Smithsonian Astrophysic
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A ABERRATION, 143, 198 ABRASION, 22
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COMPRESSIBLE FLOW, 83 COMPRESSION L
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FATIGUE (MATERIALS), 50, 93, 96 FAT
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LASING, 90 LATE STARS, 224 LATITUDE
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PATCH ANTENNAS, 74 PATHOLOGY, 98 PA
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SPACE PLATFORMS, 38 SPACE PROBES, 2
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WIND PROFILES, 137 WIND TUNNEL TEST
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Brown, Andy, 38 Brown, April S., 20
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Grosvenor, C. A., 70 Grosvenor, J.
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Lu, Gui-Ying, 50 Lugg, Desmond J.,
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Robertson, Tony, 39 Robinson, Jeffr
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Warner, J. D., 63 Warren, James, 16
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