Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 38 July 28, 2000

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address a broader range of problems, simulations need to be extended by three orders of magnitude, which requires algorithmic improvements and codes scalable to a large number of processors. Work in this direction is in progress. Two series of simulations are discussed. In one series, it is shown that nonpolar peptides, disordered in water, translocate to the nonpolar interior of the membrane and fold into helical structures (see Figure). Once in the membrane, the peptides exhibit orientational flexibility with changing conditions, which may have provided a mechanism of transmitting signals between the protocell and its environment. In another series of simulations, the mechanism by which a simple protein channel efficiently mediates proton transport across membranes was investigated. This process is a key step in cellular bioenergetics. In the channel under study, proton transport is gated by four histidines that occlude the channel pore. The simulations identify the mechanisms by which protons move through the gate. Author Computerized Simulation; Exobiology; Protobiology; Chemical Evolution; Organic Compounds; Cell Membranes (Biology) 142 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE �� 20000061488 Jackson (Henry M.) Foundation, Rockville, MD USA Stress-Induced Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms and Interventions Annual Report, 1 Jan. - 31 Dec. 1999 Meyerhoff, James L.; Jan. 2000; 48p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8634 Report No.(s): AD-A377128; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Soldiers face a broad range of occupational/environmental threats which are hazardous to central nervous system (CNS) function. One of these, exposure to prolonged, extreme stress, has been recently associated with neuronal loss. Vietnam veterans with PTSD have decreased hippocampal volume on MRI, as well as decreased scores on standardized tests of memory. Short term (recent) memory function has been localized to the hippocampus. Humans exposed to extreme stress for sustained periods have suffered deterioration of memory and inability to concentrate, as well as CNS atrophy. chronic stress in several species, including mouse, rat, tree shrew and monkey, have been reported to develop alterations in hippocampal morphology, including apical dendritic atrophy, depletion of vesicles in mossy fiber terminals, as well as actual loss of neurons. A number of stress-induced molecular pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neuronal loss/dysfunction have been described, including: (1) excessive release of excitatory amino acids (in particular, glutamate), leading to massive influx of extracellular calcium into neurons; (2) excessive release of adrenal glucocorticoids, which exacerbates the effect of excitatory amino acids. We have successfully characterized acute social defeat in the mouse as a model for eliciting high plasma levels of adrenal glucocorticoids, inducing high levels of stress and persistent avoidance behavior, as well as increased brain regional levels of mRNA for corticotrophin-releasing hormone and decreased hippocampal levels of mRNA for brain-derived neurotropic factor BDNF. We will characterize the hippocampal neuronal changes induced in this paradigm, and then after chronic stress attempt to block them with a range of pharmaceutical interventions, including neurosteroids, antagonists to CRH and antagonists to excitatory amino acids. DTIC Stress (Physiology); Central Nervous System; Adrenal Gland; Aerospace Medicine; Hippocampus; Atrophy 20000062012 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes, Supplement 501 June 2000; 39p; In English Report No.(s): NASA/SP-2000-7011/SUPPL501; NAS 1.21:7011/SUPPL501; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche This report lists reports, articles and other documents recently announced in the NASA STI Database. Derived from text Aerospace Medicine; Bibliographies; Indexes (Documentation)
20000062717 Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Div. of Radiation and Radiobiological Research, Dubna, USSR Induction of aberrations in human lymphocytes by (gamma)-rays and fast heavy ions Govorun, R. D.; Repin, M. V.; Krasavin, E. A.; Lukasova, E.; Kozubek, S.; Dec. 31, 1998; 23p; In English Report No.(s): DE99-607972; JINR-E-19-98-31; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge Frequencies of aberrations induced by different doses of (gamma)-rays and (sup 14)N ions (LET (approx) 77 keV/(mu)m) in the chromosomes 1 and 2 of human lymphocytes as detected by FISH were compared with those detected by conventional staining in the whole genome. The results have shown that the induction of aberrations in the chromosomes 1 and 2 is more frequent than that in the rest of genome. The frequencies of dicentrics detected by FISH in the chromosomes 1 and 2 recalculated for the whole genome are in good agreement with those detected by conventional staining at different doses of (sup 14)N, but they are about 2 times lower at low doses of (gamma)-rays. Translocation frequencies calculated in the same manner from the frequencies induced in the chromosome 1 by (gamma)-rays correspond to the frequencies of dicentrics detected by conventional staining, however, they are about 2 times higher than those detected by convectional staining at doses lower than 2 Gy of (sup 14)N. The differences between the frequencies of these aberration types increase at higher doses of both radiation types. NTIS Aberration; Lymphocytes; Aerospace Medicine 20000062935 Geological Survey, Biological Resources Div., Columbia, MO USA Development of physiological and Behavioral Measures of Acute Chemical Neurotoxicity Final Report, 8 Jan. 1997 - 7 Jan. 2000 Jones, Susan B.; Little, Edward; Jan. 2000; 161p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): MIPR-H3BM7721 Report No.(s): AD-A376880; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Microfiche; A08, Hardcopy US military personnel may be exposed to a wide variety of potentially toxic chemicals. The chemicals personnel may encounter, particularly in combat situations, often are neurotoxicants. Predeployment screening methods such as behavioral and physiological measurements can be used to rapidly assess these potential health hazards. The objectives of this research were: (1) to develop and use computer aided methods in evaluation of neurotoxicity; (2) to evaluate physiological and behavioral endpoints of neurotoxicity in fish following exposure to the organophosphates malathion and diazinon; a carbamate, carbaryl; a metal, cadmium; a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, pyrene; a biocide, fenvalerate; and a simulated semi-permeable membrane device mixture, malathion and fenvalerate; and, to assess the correlation between physiology and behavior; (3) to adapt neurotoxic methods for use with passive sentinel monitoring devices; and (4) to provide instrumental protocols, standardized operating procedures, and quality control for neurotoxicity monitoring. These objectives were achieved. Results indicated strong correlations between behavioral indices and brain cholinesterase activity when animals were exposed to traditional cholinesterase inhibitors. Correlations with other chemicals were less clear and indicate the need for mechanistic studies associated with other chemical classes that may be important to military personnel. DTIC Physiology; Behavior; Toxicity; Computer Aided Design; Neurology; Aerospace Medicine 20000063382 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA Drinking-Induced Plasma Vasopressin and Norepinephrine Changes in Dehydrated Humans Geelen, Ghislaine, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Greenleaf, John E., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Keil, Lanny C., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Journal of Clinical Endocinology and Metabolism; 1996; ISSN 0021-972X; Volume 81, No. 6, pp. 2131-2135; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 199-18-12-07; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity After 24-h water deprivation, five men (23-41 yr; 78 +/- 3.6 kg) consumed, within 4.0-6.2 min, 12 mL/kg of one of six fluid formulations (16.5 C) once a week over a period of 6 weeks: water, hypotonic saline (0.045% Na(+)), isotopic saline (0.36%, Na(+)), hypertonic glucose 9 7%, glucose), and two commercial mildly hypertonic 9.7% carbohydrate drinks. Blood samples were drawn 5 min before and: 3, 9, 15, 30, and 70 min after completion of drinking. Ingestion induced no significant change in plasma Na(+), K(+), osmotic, or protein concentrations, blood pressure; or heart rate. Plasma volume (PV) was increases (P is less than 0.05) between 30-70 min with isotonic saline and the two commercial drinks. Ingestion induced a decrease in plasma AVP (PAVP) at 3 min, which was maximal (P is less than 0.05) at 15 min with all drinks. Thus, the act of drinking, independent of the composition or osmolality of the fluid absorbed, leads to a prompt inhibition of PAVP secretion in man. With the exception of rehydration with isotonic saline, this prompt response was followed by a long lasting inhibition of PAVP. There was no change in PRA, plasma 143
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace
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Introduction Scientific and Technic
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Subject Divisions Table of Contents
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ground equipment and systems. For a
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Subject Categories of the Division
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48 Oceanography 139 Includes the ph
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72 Atomic and Molecular Physics 191
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Document Availability Information T
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Avail: NASA Public Document Rooms.
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NASA CASI Price Tables — Effectiv
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ALABAMA AUBURN UNIV. AT MONTGOMERY
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20000061433 Pisa Univ., Dipartiment
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English; 34th; 34th Thermophysics C
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ciency of the generated derivative
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20000063509 NASA Glenn Research Cen
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05 AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PER
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A long tradition of aerodynamic des
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sonic and transonic cases will be p
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20000061449 British Aerospace Publi
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20000064593 NASA Langley Research C
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performance required for a proposed
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ment cost and create better product
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tion (NPSS), is focused on the inte
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surface measurement techniques used
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with emphasis on the search for lin
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20000063520 NASA Kennedy Space Cent
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primary issues for it’s adaptatio
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Footage shows the night vertical ta
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necessary for ignition modeling, or
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engine lifetime, and high power ope
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24 COMPOSITE MATERIALS ��
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ments. For the screening of liner m
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formation of a neutral, fluorescent
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20000065655 Ames Lab., IA USA Funda
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This is a second Triennial Conferen
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of completely charged PSSNa solutio
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20000064100 NASA Langley Research C
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Spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO)
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Pressure gradients, i.e. pressure h
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agreed that the NO(sub x) levels co
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tectural approach to extending the
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20000064078 Physics and Electronics
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20000064925 Institute for Human Fac
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20000066607 Institute for Human Fac
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20000062455 National Inst. of Stand
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Added Analysis (Risk Reduction); 6)
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shipboard electrical power generati
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20000067664 Jet Propulsion Lab., Ca
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other, The theoretical framework go
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figures compare the lift and pitchi
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ment phase demonstrate desired feat
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esolution mode with resolving power
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to track 1% or 0.5% changes was hig
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20000067643 NASA Marshall Space Fli
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Page 133 and 134: in Yellowstone National Park. We ar
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est frame of the string. The modifi
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isotopes. The method and program we
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A detailed study is undertaken, usi
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20000063497 Kaiser Electro-Optics,
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delivers 60% of the x-ray flux from
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76 SOLID-STATE PHYSICS ��
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20000064660 Abdus Salam Internation
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20000067648 NASA Marshall Space Fli
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20000064703 Institute of Atomic Ene
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The BRST approach is applied to the
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20000067671 Hampton Univ., VA USA A
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82 DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SC
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ecoming almost too cumbersome to be
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physical world. These are the two p
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with WFPC2 data. Tests of HSTphot
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A brief description is given of the
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gas, show variations that have rema
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egy, called Power In that would all
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20000064089 Smithsonian Astrophysic
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A ABERRATION, 143, 198 ABRASION, 22
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COMPRESSIBLE FLOW, 83 COMPRESSION L
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FATIGUE (MATERIALS), 50, 93, 96 FAT
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LASING, 90 LATE STARS, 224 LATITUDE
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PATCH ANTENNAS, 74 PATHOLOGY, 98 PA
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SPACE PLATFORMS, 38 SPACE PROBES, 2
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WIND PROFILES, 137 WIND TUNNEL TEST
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Brown, Andy, 38 Brown, April S., 20
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Grosvenor, C. A., 70 Grosvenor, J.
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Lu, Gui-Ying, 50 Lugg, Desmond J.,
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Robertson, Tony, 39 Robinson, Jeffr
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Warner, J. D., 63 Warren, James, 16
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 38 July 28, 2000

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