Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 38 July 28, 2000

7.6, while the 1926 events appear to be comparable in size to the subsequent (M approximately 7) 1943 events, and an order of
magnitude higher than previously reported.
Author
Deformation; Global Positioning System; Tectonics; Triangulation; Geodetic Surveys; Indonesia
20000064087 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA
Capabilities and Limitations of Radio Occultation Measurements for Ionosphere Monitoring
Hajj, G. A., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Romans, L. J., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA;
Pi, X., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Wang, Chunming, University of Southern California, USA; [1999];
20p; In English; LEO Missions, 9-11 Mar. 1999, Potsdam, Germany; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche
The paper: (1) describes the range of capabilities of GPS radio occultation missions in ionospheric research: (a) ionospheric
profiling; (b) ionospheric imaging; (c) ionospheric data assimilation; and (d) measurement of scintillation. (2) Identify strengths
and weaknesses of measurements: (a) coverage; (b) resolution; and (c) uniqueness of solution.
Derived from text
Global Positioning System; Imaging Techniques; Ionospheric Propagation
20000064521 Arizona Univ., Soil, Water, and Environmental Science Dept., Tucson, AZ USA
Using Mixture Analysis for Soil Information Extraction from an AVIRIS Scene at the Walnut Gulch Experimental
Watershed-Arizona
Accioly, L., Arizona Univ., USA; Huete, A. R., Arizona Univ., USA; Batchily, K., Arizona Univ., USA; Summaries of the Seventh
JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop January 12-16, 1998; Dec. 19, 1998; Volume 1, pp. 1-7; In English; See also 20000064520;
No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche
Due to its ubiquitous presence, soil is present in almost all applications of image-based spectral mixture analysis (SMA). In
many studies, however, most of the interest is given to the fraction of the vegetation endmember and its relationship to plant biophysical
parameters. One of the few examples of the application of mixture analysis directly to soil is given by Huete and Escadafal
(1991). These authors used SMA for soil biophysical information extraction in the region from 400 to 900 nm. They found that
the variability of 46 soils from different types of environments could be explained by four independent basis curves, which in linear
combination were able to reconstitute the experimental data set. These authors, however, did not use spectral mixture analysis
to produce soil spectral maps. Mixture analysis can be applied on the basis of spectra extracted from the image (image endmembers)
and/or on the basis of pure spectra from lab of field (reference endmembers). When the spatial variability within a pixel is
high, as in a semiarid scrubland, mixture analysis on the basis of image endmembers has been shown more accurate than maximum
likelihood supervised classification. The general objective of this study was to derive soil spectral maps of an AVIRIS scene at
the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed using mixture analysis. The specific objectives are to: (a) evaluate the dimensionality
of AVIRIS data (i.e., how many endmembers); (b) find the physical meaning of the dimensions (i.e., what feature in the ground
each endmember represents); and (c) determine the spatial abundances of the endmembers throughout the AVIRIS scene of the
Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed.
Derived from text
Image Analysis; Soil Mapping; Spectrum Analysis; Remote Sensing; Infrared Spectrometers
20000064522 Spectral Sciences, Inc., Burlington, MA USA
FLAASH, A MODTRAN4 Atmospheric Correction Package for Hyperspectral Data Retrievals and Simulations
Adler-Golden, S., Spectral Sciences, Inc., USA; Berk, A., Spectral Sciences, Inc., USA; Bernstein, L. S., Spectral Sciences, Inc.,
USA; Richtsmeier, S., Spectral Sciences, Inc., USA; Acharya, P. K., Spectral Sciences, Inc., USA; Matthew, M. W., Spectral
Sciences, Inc., USA; Anderson, G. P., Phillips Lab., USA; Allred, C. L., Phillips Lab., USA; Jeong, L. S., Phillips Lab., USA;
Chetwynd, J. H., Phillips Lab., USA; Summaries of the Seventh JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop January 12-16, 1998; Dec.
19, 1998; Volume 1, pp. 9-14; In English; See also 20000064520
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-91-C-0145; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche
FLAASH (Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes) is a MODTRAN-based ”atmospheric correction”
software package which is being developed by the Air Force Phillips Laboratory, Hanscom AFB and Spectral Sciences, Inc.
to support current and planned IR-visible-UV hyperspectral and multispectral sensors. The main objectives are to provide (1)
accurate, physics-based derivation of surface and atmospheric properties (such as surface albedo, surface altitude, water vapor
column, aerosol and cloud optical depths, surface and atmospheric temperatures), (2) minimal computation time requirements,
and (3) an interactive, user-friendly interface for running arbitrary MODTRAN calculations. FLAASH is written in the Interactive
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