Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 38 July 28, 2000

cal constraints of cost, complexity, and power consumption. The emerging superconductor Rapid Single Flux Quantum electronics
can operate at 100 GHz (the record is 770 GHz) and one percent of the power required by convention semiconductor logic.
Wave Division Multiplexing optical communications can approach a peak per fiber bandwidth of 1 Tbps and the new Data Vortex
network topology employing this technology can connect tens of thousands of ports providing a bi-section bandwidth on the order
of a Petabyte per second with latencies well below 100 nanoseconds, even under heavy loads. Processor-in-Memory (PIM)
technology combines logic and memory on the same chip exposing the internal bandwidth of the memory row buffers at low
latency. And holographic storage photorefractive storage technologies provide high-density memory with access a thousand times
faster than conventional disk technologies. Together these technologies enable a new class of shared memory system architecture
with a peak performance in the range of a Petaflops but size and power requirements comparable to today’s largest Teraflops scale
systems. To achieve high-sustained performance, HTMT combines an advanced multithreading processor architecture with a
memory-driven coarse-grained latency management strategy called ”percolation”, yielding high efficiency while reducing the
much of the parallel programming burden. This paper will present the basic system architecture characteristics made possible
through this series of advanced technologies and then give a detailed description of the new percolation approach to runtime
latency management.
Author
Architecture (Computers); Computer Networks; Computer Programs; Holography; Parallel Computers; Parallel Processing
(Computers); Parallel Programming; Quantum Electronics; Supercomputers
20000064606 MRJ Technology Solutions, Moffett Field, CA USA
Multithreaded Implementation of a Dynamic Irregular Application
Biswas, Rupak, MRJ Technology Solutions, USA; Oliker, Leonid, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., USA; February
2000; In English; See also 20000064579; No Copyright; Abstract Only; Available from CASI only as part of the entire parent
document
The success of parallel computing in solving realistic computational applications relies on their efficient mapping and execution
on large-scale multiprocessor architectures. When the algorithms and data structures corresponding to these problems are
unstructured or dynamic in nature, efficient implementation on parallel machines offers considerable challenges. Unstructured
applications are characterized by irregular data access patterns while dynamic mesh adaptation causes computational workloads
to grow or shrink at runtime. For such applications, dynamic load balancing is required to achieve algorithmic scaling on parallel
machines. This talk describes a multithreaded implementation of a dynamic unstructured mesh adaptation algorithm on the Tera
Multithreaded Architecture (MTA). Multithreaded machines can tolerate memory latency and utilize substantially more of their
computing power by processing several threads of computation. For example, the MTA processors each have hardware support
for up to 128 threads, and are therefore especially well suited for irregular and dynamic applications. Unlike traditional parallel
machines, the MTA has a large uniform shared memory, no data cache, and is insensitive to data placement. Parallel programmability
is significantly simplified since users have a global view of the memory, and need not be concerned with partitioning and
load balancing issues. Performance is compared with an MPI implementation on the T3E and the Origin2000, and a sharedmemory
directives-based implementation on the Origin2000. A standard computational mesh simulating flow over an airfoil was
used for our experiments to compare the three parallel architectures. The initial mesh, consisting of more than 28,000 triangles,
was refined a total of five times to generate a mesh 45 times larger. Performance by platform and programming paradigm is presented
in Table 1. It is important to note that different parallel versions use different dynamic load balancing strategies. The multithreaded
implementation of the adaptation algorithm required adding a trivial amount of code to the original serial version and
had little memory overhead. In contrast, the MPI version doubled the size of the code and required significant additional memory
for the communication buffers. The simulation on the 8-processor MTA at SDSC using 100 threads per processor was almost 10
times faster than that obtained on 160 processors of a T3E and more than 100 times faster than that on a 64-processor Origin2000
running a directives-based version. Results indicate that multithreaded systems offer tremendous potential for quickly and efficiently
solving some of the most challenging real-life problems on parallel computers.
Author
Multiprocessing (Computers); Parallel Computers; Parallel Processing (Computers); Computerized Simulation
20000064623 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA
Testing New Programming Paradigms with NAS Parallel Benchmarks
Jin, H., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Frumkin, M., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Schultz, M., NASA Ames
Research Center, USA; Yan, J., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; February 2000; In English; See also 20000064579
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS2-14303; No Copyright; Abstract Only; Available from CASI only as part of the entire parent document
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