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CHAPTER III Mosquitoes in Relation to Human Welfare . . . General Considerations . . . . . . Irritation Caused by Bites . . . . . Diseases Transmitted by Mosquitoes . . . Malaria and Blackwater Fever . . . Yellow Fever . . . . . . . Dengue . . . . . . . . Filariasis . . . . . . . . Mosquito,es in Relation to, Animal Diseases . . Reduction in Land Values Due to Abundance of Mosquitoes . . . . . . . CHAPTER IV The Problem of Mosquito Reduction . . . . 59 The Fundamental Principles of Control . . 59 Types, of Control Operations . . . . . 62 Drainage . . . . . . . . 62 Filling and Grading . . . . . . 64 Streams and Ponds . . . . . . 64 Oiling Operations . . . . . . 66 Poisons . . . . . . . . 70 Destruction of Adults . . . . . 71 Natural Enemies . . . . . . 71 Other Methods of Mosquito Reduction . . 72 Protection from Mosquito Bites . . . . 73 Plan of Organization fo’r Mosquito Control Work 74 CHAPTER V How to Study, Collect, Rear, and Preserve Mosquitoes . The Study of Mosquitoes . . . . . How to Collect Adults . . . . . . Collection, Preservation and Rearing of Larvae . CHAPTER VI A Systematic Account of North American Mosquitoes . The Family Culicidae . . . . . . x 45 45 46 48 48 53 55 56 57 57 76 76 76 78 82 82
The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Keys to the Tribes of Culicinae . . The Anophelini . . . , . . Keys to Adults and Larvae . . . Keys to the Males . . . . . Description and Notes on the Biology of the Species CHAPTER VII The Tribe Culicini . . . . . . . . Keys to Genera ; Adults and Larvae . . . The The The The The The The The The Genus Aedes . . . . . . . Keys to Adults . . . . . . . Keys to Males . . . . . . . Keys to Larvae . . . . . . . Descriptions of Species, Distribution and Bio- logical Notes . . . . . . Genus Culex . . . . . . . Keys to Adults, Males and Larvae . . . Descriptions of Species, Distribution and Bio- logical Notes . . . . . . Genus Theobaldia . . . . . . Ke>vs to Adults, Males and Larvae . . . Description of Species, Distribution and Bio- logical Notes . . . . . . Genus Psorophora . . . . . Keys to Aduls, Males and Larvae . . . Description of Species, Distribution and Bio- logical Notes . 189 Genus Taeniorhynchus 197 Genus Uranotaenia . 200 Genus Orthopodomyia 202 Genus Megharinus . 204 Genus Wyeomyia 205 REFEREKCES . . . . 208 PLATES III TO XXV . 213 INDEX . . . . . 263 XI 82 82 83 83 84 85 93 94 95 96 99 103 106 159 160 162 177 187 179 187 177
Page 1: A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
Page 4 and 5: COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
Page 6 and 7: say a terrifying, amount of literat
Page 9: CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
Page 13 and 14: VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
Page 15 and 16: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
Page 17 and 18: 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
Page 19 and 20: FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
Page 21 and 22: FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
Page 23 and 24: 6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
Page 26: PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
Page 29 and 30: 12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
Page 31 and 32: --__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
Page 33 and 34: 16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
Page 35 and 36: I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
Page 39 and 40: 22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
Page 41 and 42: 24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
Page 43 and 44: 26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
Page 45 and 46: FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
Page 47 and 48: 30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
Page 49 and 50: 32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
Page 51 and 52: 34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
Page 53 and 54: 36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
Page 55 and 56: 38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
Page 57 and 58: 40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
Page 59 and 60: 42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
Page 61 and 62:
44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
Page 63 and 64:
46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
Page 65 and 66:
48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
Page 67:
50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
Page 70 and 71:
RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
Page 72 and 73:
RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
Page 74 and 75:
RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
Page 76 and 77:
CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
Page 78 and 79:
MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
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9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
Page 86 and 87:
MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
Page 88 and 89:
MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
Page 92 and 93:
MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
Page 94 and 95:
them. In the open, they may be obta
Page 96 and 97:
COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
Page 98 and 99:
COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
Page 100 and 101:
CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
Page 102 and 103:
CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
Page 106 and 107:
CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
Page 110 and 111:
CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
Page 112 and 113:
CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
Page 114 and 115:
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
Page 118 and 119:
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
Page 120 and 121:
CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
Page 122 and 123:
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
Page 126 and 127:
CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
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CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
Page 130 and 131:
CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
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CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
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CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
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wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
Page 138 and 139:
CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
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CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
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the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
Page 144 and 145:
CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
Page 146 and 147:
CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
Page 148 and 149:
CULICINI 131 where favorable water
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CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
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CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
Page 154 and 155:
CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
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CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
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CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
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CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
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CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
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CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
Page 166 and 167:
CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
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CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
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CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
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CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
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CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
Page 176 and 177:
CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
Page 178 and 179:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
Page 180 and 181:
CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
Page 182 and 183:
CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
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CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
Page 186 and 187:
CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
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CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
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CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
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CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
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CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
Page 196 and 197:
CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
Page 198 and 199:
CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
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CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
Page 202 and 203:
CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
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CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
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CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
Page 208 and 209:
CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
Page 210 and 211:
CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
Page 212 and 213:
CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
Page 214 and 215:
CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
Page 216 and 217:
CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
Page 218 and 219:
CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
Page 220 and 221:
CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
Page 222 and 223:
CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
Page 224 and 225:
CULICINI 207 This species is widely
Page 226 and 227:
REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
Page 228 and 229:
PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
Page 230:
PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
Page 233 and 234:
I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
Page 235:
PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 238 and 239:
PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
Page 240 and 241:
PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 242 and 243:
PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
Page 244 and 245:
PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
Page 246 and 247:
PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
Page 248 and 249:
PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
Page 250 and 251:
:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
Page 252 and 253:
INDEX
Page 254 and 255:
264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
Page 256 and 257:
266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
Page 258 and 259:
268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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