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CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pale scales and dense groups of long setae. Abdomen black, with basal, segmental, broad bands of white scales; venter white scaled. Legs black. Wing scales narrow, brown to black. Male hypopygizinz. “Side-piece moderate, conical ; apical lobe small, with only very short fine-pointed setae; basal lobe roundly expanded, the inner part with very fine short-pointed setae, the outer with some fifteen long coarse setae, the outermost the strongest and spine-like, though the gradation is gradual. Claspette stem long, finely hirsute basally, curved ; filament as long as the stem, pointed at tip, thick, expanded somewhat broadly and blade-like on one side. Clasper large, somewhat swollen except at tip.” (Dyar, 1928.) Larva. Head rounded, much broader than long; antenna short, spiny, the hair tuft small, situated at the middle; upper and lower head hairs single; anteantennal tuft multiple. Lateral abdominal hairs multiple on the first and second, double on the third to fifth segments; comb of the eighth segment of fifteen to eighteen scales in a triangular patch. Air-tube three times as long as wide; pecten reaching beyond the middle. the last three teeth detached; tuft multiple, located basad of the last tooth of pecten. Anal segment wider than long, ringed by the dorsal plate; dorsal brush a long hair and tuft each side; ventral brush large, enclosed by the plate. Anal gills longer than the segment. Aedes alpimts is restricted to the arctic regions of North America and Europe where it frequently occurs in immense numbers. AEDES CAMPESTRIS Dyar and Knab Aedes campestris Dyar and Knab, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Sot. 15, 213. 1907. Aedes callitlzotrp Dyar, Ins. Ins. Mens. 8, 16. 1920. Female. Length 6 mm.; wing 5 mm. Proboscis black, inter- mingled with white scales on basal half. Occiput black, with yellowish scales ; cheek with broader flat whitish scales; erect forked scales numerous on the vertex and nape, yellowish-brown in the center, black at the sides. Mesonotum with very narrow curved scales, a broad median stripe, a short posterior lateral stripe and lateral mar- gins bronzy-brown, the rest yellowish. Abdomen clothed dorsally with white and black scales, the black scales being restricted to small paired lateral patches on each segment. Venter clothed with white scales, a few black ones on the median line. Legs slender ; femora and tibiae clothed with yellowish-white scales iritermixed with a few
148 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA black scales; first tarsal segments with black and whitish scales evenly intermixed; second to fourth hind tarsal segments black with narrow basal and apical white rings, the fifth almost entirely yellowish; fore tarsi with the last three segments black, the second with a narrow basal white ring; mid tarsi with the last two segments black, the second and third with narrow basal and apical white spots. Wings with black and white scales, the white ones predominating. Male hypopygiunz. (Fig. 3, Pl. XIV.) Side-pieces nearly three times as long as wide; apical lobe small, rounded, and bears stout, long setae; basal lobe convex, rounded, densely setose, a long hooked spine on the outer basal margin and several straight spines nearby, smaller but nearly as long. Clasper long, medianly expanded. Clas- pette with stout, curving, cylindrical stem, setose, with several larger sub-apical setae ; filament short, ligulate, slightly expanded at the middle. Mesosome short, cylindrical, narrowed apically, widely open along the ventral side, closed on the dorsum and at the base. Lobes of the ninth tergite very short, heavily chitinized, and each bears five to seven short, stout spines. Larva. Head rounded, about as broad as long; upper head hairs in threes, lower single and large. Antenna spinose, the tuft at the middle. Lateral comb of the eighth segment a patch of many scales. Air-tube about three times as long as wide, conically tapered, pecten reaching somewhat beyond the middle, the last tooth stouter and a little more distantly placed than the others, followed by a four- haired tuft. Anal segment with the dorsal plate reaching about the middle of the side. Ventral brush large with small tufts preceding the barred area. Anal gills small. The distribution of this species is not well known. It occurs from Minnesota west to Washington and north to Hucl- son Bay and Yukon Territory. Very little is known of its habits or biology. The females bite by day or night whenever one invades their haunts. AEDES NIGROMACULISLUDLOW Grabhamia ~zigromaczdis Ludlow, Geo. Wash. Univ. Bull. 5, 85, 1907. Gmbhanzia grisea Ludlow, Can. Ent. 39, 130. 1907. Female. Length 5.5 mm.; wing 4.5 mm. Proboscis long, black, with a narrow ring of white near the middle. Occiput brown with
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
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44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
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46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
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48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
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50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
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RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
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RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
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RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
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CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
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9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
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them. In the open, they may be obta
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COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
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CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
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CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
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CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
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CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
Page 114 and 115: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 116 and 117: 31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
Page 118 and 119: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
Page 120 and 121: CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
Page 122 and 123: 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Page 124 and 125: CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
Page 126 and 127: CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
Page 128 and 129: CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
Page 130 and 131: CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
Page 132 and 133: CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
Page 134 and 135: CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
Page 136 and 137: wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
Page 138 and 139: CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
Page 140 and 141: CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
Page 142 and 143: the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
Page 144 and 145: CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
Page 146 and 147: CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
Page 148 and 149: CULICINI 131 where favorable water
Page 150 and 151: CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
Page 152 and 153: CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
Page 154 and 155: CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
Page 156 and 157: CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
Page 158 and 159: CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
Page 160 and 161: CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
Page 162 and 163: CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
Page 166 and 167: CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
Page 168 and 169: CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
Page 170 and 171: CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
Page 172 and 173: CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
Page 174 and 175: CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
Page 176 and 177: CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
Page 178 and 179: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
Page 180 and 181: CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
Page 182 and 183: CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
Page 184 and 185: CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
Page 186 and 187: CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
Page 188 and 189: CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
Page 190 and 191: CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
Page 192 and 193: CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
Page 194 and 195: CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
Page 196 and 197: CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
Page 198 and 199: CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
Page 200 and 201: CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
Page 202 and 203: CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
Page 204 and 205: CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
Page 206 and 207: CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
Page 208 and 209: CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
Page 210 and 211: CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
Page 212 and 213: CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
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CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
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CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
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CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
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CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
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CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
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CULICINI 207 This species is widely
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REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
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PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
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PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
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I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
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PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
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PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
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PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
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PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
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PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
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:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
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INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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