a handbook of the mosquitoes of north america - Systematic Catalog ...

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CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Sot. Hist. Nat. Paris, 3, 412. 1827. Janthinosowza Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, 1, 374. 1891. Conchyktes Howard, Mosquitoes, 155. 1901. Grabhawzia Theobald, Mon. Culic., 3, 243. 1903. Feltidia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Sot. Wash., 7, 47. 1905. Ceratocystia Dyar and Knab, Jour. N.Y. Ent. Sot., 14, 178. 1906. Lepidosia Coquillett, Science, n.s., 23, 314. 1906. This genus may be separated from all our other genera by the following,characters ; ( 1) the absence of setae on the post- notum; (2) the trilobate condition of the scutellum ; (3) the second marginal cell more than half as long as its petiole ; (4) the presence of both spiracular and postspiracular bristles. The larvae may be easily separated by the characters given in the key, The species of this genus are found only in the Americas and adjacent islands. They are found principally in the tropics but a few species extend well into the temperate regions. Of the eleven species recorded from North America not a single one has been found in the Pacific Coast Region. 1. 2. 3. KEYS TO SPECIES OF PSOROPHORA Ad& ts Mesonotum with smooth, nude areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Mesonotum uniformly scaled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tarsi with white rings at bases of joints; mesonotum with a central yellow line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ciliata Tarsi without white rings ; central line very narrow, of dark scales and short setae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . h,owardii ‘! Claws of the female toothed; wings dark scaled, not spotted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Claws of the female not toothed; wings often spotted with black and white scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
188 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 4. All joints of hind tarsi black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cya,nescens Last two joints and apex of third of hind tarsi, white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f ostica ta 5. Wings uniformly marked with black and white scales, no distinct spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cohwzbk Wings with costa pale and three black spots b,eyond the middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sigm$emis Wings with a single white spot on costa . . . . . . . . discolor Male hypo~ygiuwt 1. Claspette with a slender s,tern, terminating in a large capitate head densely clothed with setae. . . . . . hozuardii Claspette not as above described . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Clasper not strongly expanded medianly; a row of stout setae on the outer half on the inner face. . . . . . ciliata Clasper strongly expanded medianly; no setae on inner face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Claspette with a stout stem; apex bears two distorted appendages and setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . posticata Claspette with a thin stem; apex without distorted appendages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Apex of claspette with five stout setae. . . . . . . . colztwzbi~ Apex of claspette with very fine setae . . . . . . . . cyanescem ’ Larvae 1. Antenna very large, swollen towards the apex ; upper and lower head hairs single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . discolor Antenna cylindrical; not swollen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Antenna much shorter than the head; both head hairs . single, the upper very short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antenna longer or as long as the head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Hairs of the pecten teeth long, six times as long as body of tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ciZiata ’ Hairs of the pecten teeth shorter, about three times as long as body of tooth . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .hlowardii ’
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
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44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
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46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
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48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
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50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
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RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
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RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
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RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
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CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
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9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
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them. In the open, they may be obta
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COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
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CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
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CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
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CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
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CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
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CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
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21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
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CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
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CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
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CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
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CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
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CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
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wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
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CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
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CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
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the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
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CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
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CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
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CULICINI 131 where favorable water
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CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
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CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
Page 154 and 155: CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
Page 156 and 157: CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
Page 158 and 159: CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
Page 160 and 161: CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
Page 162 and 163: CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
Page 164 and 165: CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
Page 166 and 167: CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
Page 168 and 169: CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
Page 170 and 171: CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
Page 172 and 173: CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
Page 174 and 175: CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
Page 176 and 177: CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
Page 178 and 179: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
Page 180 and 181: CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
Page 182 and 183: CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
Page 184 and 185: CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
Page 186 and 187: CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
Page 188 and 189: CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
Page 190 and 191: CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
Page 192 and 193: CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
Page 194 and 195: CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
Page 196 and 197: CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
Page 198 and 199: CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
Page 200 and 201: CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
Page 202 and 203: CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
Page 206 and 207: CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
Page 208 and 209: CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
Page 210 and 211: CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
Page 212 and 213: CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
Page 214 and 215: CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
Page 216 and 217: CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
Page 218 and 219: CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
Page 220 and 221: CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
Page 222 and 223: CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
Page 224 and 225: CULICINI 207 This species is widely
Page 226 and 227: REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
Page 228 and 229: PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
Page 230: PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
Page 233 and 234: I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
Page 235: PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 238 and 239: PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
Page 240 and 241: PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 242 and 243: PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
Page 244 and 245: PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
Page 246 and 247: PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
Page 248 and 249: PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
Page 250 and 251: :_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
Page 252 and 253: INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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