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CULICINI 191 and pupal life is short. Hibernation takes place in the egg stage. The females are vicious biters. PSOROPHORA COLUMBIB Dyar and Knab Janthinosowm texarcz~unz Dyar and Knab, Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash., 19, 13.5. 1906. Janthizzosowa coluwhiae Dyar and Knab, Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash., 19, 135. 1906. Janthinosonza florideme Dyar and Knab, Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash., 19, 135. 1906. Female. Length 6 mm.; wing 4 mm. Proboscis slender, with black scales on base and apex, the middle portion with yellowish- white scales intermingled with a few black scales. Occiput black, with narrow, curved, white scales and numerous, erect, black, forked scales; sides with a black quadrate spot followed by broad flat white scales on the cheeks. Mesonotum almost black, with burnished brown and bluish scales; the bluish scales in patches on the anterior margin, two discal spots behind small lateral depressions, apG surrounding the antescutellar space. Abdomen with black an3 yellowish-white scales, the yellowish-white scales forming a broad apical band on the second segment, more or less broken, lateral spot3 on the other segments ; lateral margins with continuous line of white scales; venter with pale and black scales intermingled. Wings with black and white scales intermixed, the black ones predominatiljg. Legs long, slender; femora clothed with black and white scales intermixed, the proximal half of the ventral surface almost entirely white, the apices and a narrow ring before the apex white, * tibiae black with numerous small white patches on the outer surface; tarsi black with basal white rings, the first tarsal segment of all legs with a broad median white ring, the last two segments of the front, and the last one of the middle tarsi entirely black. Male lz ypopygizim. (Fig. 2, Pl. XVIII.) Side-pieces not twice as long as wide, the apex broadly expanded giving the appearance of an apical lobe; apical and basal lobes absent. Clasper short, greatly expanded in the middle, sharply constricted to the apex. Claspettes with narrow ligulate stems, gradually expanded towards the apex; apex broadened and bears five broad setae with finely divided tips. Mesosome consists of two short similar chitinized sides, not connected at base or along the dorsum or venter. Lobes of the ninth tergite very large, widely separated and each bears numerous short setae.
192 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Larzja. Length 10 mm. Head rounded, wider than long; an- temia shorter than the length of the head, slightly tapering, spined all over, a multiple tuft just beyond the middle; upper and lower head hairs multiple; anteantennal tuft multiple. Abdomen robust with comparatively few hairs and tufts; the lateral tufts of the first and second segments multiple, double on the third to the fifth, and single on the sixth. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of six scales in a row. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the dorsal plate; dorsal brush a long hair and a large multiple tuft on each side; ventral brush well developed reaching the base of the anal segment, Air-tube three times as long as wide, strongly inflated, tapering beyond the middle. Pecten of three to five teeth widely separated on the basal half of the tube; tuft a small multiple hair on the outer third. This species occurs throughout the southern United States west to Texas and north to Illinois and southern New York. It also occurs in Cuba and the Bahamas. b L._ L- - PSOROPHORA POSTICATA Wiedemann Culex posticatz~s Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. 1, 43. 1821. Cw!ex ytzz~sicz~s Say, (not Leach) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 6, 149. 1827. Janthisosonza echinata Grabham, Can. Ent., 38, 311. 1906. Janti&osoma vndzalli Dyar and Knab, Proc. Biol. Sot. Wash., 19, 134. 1906. Janthinosoma terminalis Coquillett, U.S. Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. 11, 8. 1906. Jazztlhzosowa saJ!i Dyar and Knab, Jour. N-Y. Ent. Sot. 14. 181. 1906. Jmtlzinosoma sayi Theobald, Mon. Culic., 4, 155. 1907. Javztlzinosoma coqdlctti Theobald, Mon. Culic., 4, 153. 1907. Female. Length 5 mm.; wing 4.5 mm. Proboscis slender, brownish-black. Occiput brown shading to yellowish-brown posteriorly, the posterior half with erect, slender, forked, yellow scales and re- cumbent, broad, yellowish-white scales ; the anterior half with a few scattered whitish scales and brownish hairs. Mesonotum almost black, with broad yellowish-brown and whitish scales so blended
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
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44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
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46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
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48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
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50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
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RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
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RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
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RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
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CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
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9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
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them. In the open, they may be obta
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COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
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CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
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CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
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CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
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CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
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CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
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21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
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CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
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CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
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CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
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CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
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CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
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wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
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CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
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CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
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the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
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CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
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CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
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CULICINI 131 where favorable water
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CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
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CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
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CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
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CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
Page 158 and 159: CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
Page 160 and 161: CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
Page 162 and 163: CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
Page 164 and 165: CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
Page 166 and 167: CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
Page 168 and 169: CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
Page 170 and 171: CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
Page 172 and 173: CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
Page 174 and 175: CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
Page 176 and 177: CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
Page 178 and 179: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
Page 180 and 181: CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
Page 182 and 183: CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
Page 184 and 185: CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
Page 186 and 187: CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
Page 188 and 189: CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
Page 190 and 191: CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
Page 192 and 193: CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
Page 194 and 195: CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
Page 196 and 197: CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
Page 198 and 199: CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
Page 200 and 201: CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
Page 202 and 203: CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
Page 204 and 205: CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
Page 206 and 207: CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
Page 210 and 211: CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
Page 212 and 213: CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
Page 214 and 215: CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
Page 216 and 217: CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
Page 218 and 219: CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
Page 220 and 221: CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
Page 222 and 223: CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
Page 224 and 225: CULICINI 207 This species is widely
Page 226 and 227: REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
Page 228 and 229: PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
Page 230: PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
Page 233 and 234: I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
Page 235: PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 238 and 239: PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
Page 240 and 241: PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 242 and 243: PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
Page 244 and 245: PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
Page 246 and 247: PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
Page 248 and 249: PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
Page 250 and 251: :_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
Page 252 and 253: INDEX
Page 254 and 255: 264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
Page 256 and 257: 266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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