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CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as long as wide, pecten on the basal third; five pairs of tufts, basal one within the pecten, sub-apical tuft somewhat out of line and the last one a single hair. This species occurs in Oregon, Utah and California, ex- tending southward through Central America to South Amer- ica. It breeds in more or less permanent water, being found near the edges where there is a matting of grass or aquatic plants. It is very closely allied to Czllex tarsalis. GENUS THEOBALDIA Theobaldia Neveu-Lemaire, C.R. Sot. Biol. 54, 1331. 1902. CuZisetal Felt, Bull. 79, N.Y. State Mus., 391C. 1904. CuZiceZZa Felt, Bull. 79, N.Y. State Mus. 391C. 1904. Theobaldinella Blanchard, Les Moust., 390. 1905. Pseudotheobaldia Theobald, Mon. Culic., 4, 150. 1907. CZkacz/lra Howard, Dyar and Knab. Mosq. N. and Cent. Amer. and W.I., 3, 452. 1915. ACCotheobalZdia Brolemann, Ann. Sot. Ent. France, 88,90. 1919. The genus TheobaZdia may be readily distinguished, at least as far as our species are concerned, by the following adult characters -( 1) the trilobate scutellum; (2) the postnotum nude; (3) the second marginal cell over half as long as its petiole ; (4) the presence of spiracular bristles ; (5) the presence of pronotal bristles (reduced to two or three bristles in some species) ; (6) the absence of post-spiracular bristles,. The larvae may be distinguished by the hairy mouth-brushes and the one pair of hair tufts of the air-tube placed close to the base between the pecten rows. KEYS TO SPECIES OF THEOBALDIA Adults 1. Tarsi with faint whitish rings at both ends of the joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . morsitam ‘;‘a Tarsal white rings, if present, basal; wings spotted. . 2 Tarsi without white rings; wings unspotted. . . . . . . . 4
178 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Tarsi with very narrow white rings at the bases of some of the joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .incidens . Tarsi with broad white rings at the bases of some of the joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Mid and hind fernora with white rings. . . . . . maccrackenac Femora without white rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alaskaensis Scales of the wings mixed, black or brown and white, especially along the coastal margin . . . . . . . . , .inoruzata ’ Scales of the wings all black or brown, no white scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Mesonotum entirely reddish-brown ; a small species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . melanura Mesonotum brown marked with yellowish lines or spots,; a large species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . impatiens ’ Ma,les Apical lobe absent. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Apical lobe present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Lobes of the ninth tergite with short, broad spines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inornata Lobes of the ninth tergite with rather long, slender setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Mesosome constricted in the middle and closed at the apex on the dolrsal face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . morsitam Mesosome not constricted in the middle and not closed at the apex on the dorsal face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~elanura 1” ’ Eighth segment with a long row of short spines on the lower margin ; basal lobe very large with a single weak spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inzpatiens - Eighth segment with a small median clump of spines (5 to 7) ; basal lobe small with two stout apical spines and few setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .incidem ’ I Eighth segment with only two or three spines at centre; basal lobe with two or three spines and numerous setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alaskaensis ‘-’ :
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
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44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
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46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
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48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
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50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
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RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
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RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
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RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
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CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
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9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
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them. In the open, they may be obta
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COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
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CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
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CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
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CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
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CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
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CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
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21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
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CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
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CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
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CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
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CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
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CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
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wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
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CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
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CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
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the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
Page 144 and 145: CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
Page 146 and 147: CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
Page 148 and 149: CULICINI 131 where favorable water
Page 150 and 151: CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
Page 152 and 153: CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
Page 154 and 155: CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
Page 156 and 157: CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
Page 158 and 159: CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
Page 160 and 161: CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
Page 162 and 163: CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
Page 164 and 165: CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
Page 166 and 167: CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
Page 168 and 169: CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
Page 170 and 171: CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
Page 172 and 173: CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
Page 174 and 175: CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
Page 176 and 177: CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
Page 178 and 179: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
Page 180 and 181: CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
Page 182 and 183: CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
Page 184 and 185: CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
Page 186 and 187: CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
Page 188 and 189: CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
Page 190 and 191: CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
Page 192 and 193: CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
Page 196 and 197: CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
Page 198 and 199: CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
Page 200 and 201: CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
Page 202 and 203: CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
Page 204 and 205: CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
Page 206 and 207: CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
Page 208 and 209: CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
Page 210 and 211: CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
Page 212 and 213: CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
Page 214 and 215: CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
Page 216 and 217: CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
Page 218 and 219: CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
Page 220 and 221: CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
Page 222 and 223: CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
Page 224 and 225: CULICINI 207 This species is widely
Page 226 and 227: REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
Page 228 and 229: PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
Page 230: PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
Page 233 and 234: I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
Page 235: PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 238 and 239: PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
Page 240 and 241: PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 242 and 243: PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
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PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
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PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
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PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
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:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
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INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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