a handbook of the mosquitoes of north america - Systematic Catalog ...

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CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the eighth segment consists of many scales in a triangular patch. Anal segment slightly longer than wide, ringed by the dorsal plate; a multiple (2-4 hairs) tuft near the posterior margin of plate; dorsal brush a group of long hairs and a large multiple tuft on either side; ventral brush well developed, two or three small tufts preceding the barred area. Anal gills longer than the segment, broad, rounded at the tips. Air-tube stout, gradually tapering from near the base, nearly three times as long as wide. Pecten consists of 10-12 stout teeth on the basal fifth, becoming long hairs beyond and extending to near the apex of tube; hair tufts large and prominent, arising near each other at the base of the tube between the rows of pecten. This species is found throughout the United States to South- ern Canada. It breeds throughout the spring and summer in permanent pools in rather dense forested areas. I found them breeding in large numbers in permanent pools in dense second growth forests near Douglas Lake, Michigan. About Ithaca only single specimens have been taken and very few larvae. The adults hibernate. The eggs are laid in rafts on the surface of the water. They are said to seldom attack man though the writer was frequently bitten by them while collecting in northern Michigan. THEOBALDIA IMPATIENS Walker C&x iwspatiem Walker, List Dipt. British Mus. 1, 5. 1848. C&x pifzgz& Walker, Lord’s Nat. in Vane. Is. and B.C. 2, 337. 1866. C&x absorb&us Felt, Bul. 79, N.Y. State Mus., 318. 1904. Fenzale. Length 4.5 to 6.5 mm.; wing 5-7 mm. Proboscis slen- der, black. Occiput dark brown, sparsely clothed with narrow, curved, yellowish-white scales, white along the eye margins; cheeks with broad flat white scales; nape with numerous erect, forked, black scales. Mesonotum brown, with bronzy-brown and yellowish scales, the yellowish scales forming patches along the anterior margin, two sublateral spots on the disk joined to the antescutellar space by fine pale lines ; margins of antescutellar space of pale scales. The ar- rangement of the brown and yellow scales often form complicated patterns but the common one is indicated above. Abdomen black with
184 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA basal segmental broad white bands, the eighth segment entirely white scaled; venter entirely pale scaled. Wing scales all brown, denser at the base of radial sector and media, giving the appearance of spots. Legs black, femora white tipped. Male hypopygium. (Fig. 4, Pl. XVII.) Side-pieces stout, almost twice as long as wide; apical lobe prominent, strongly chitinized, and densely clothed with hairs and two or three stouter, longer ones which appear almost as spines; basal lobe large, expanded, rounded apically, setose, with a stout hair at the apex. Claspers stout, gradually tapering to apex. Claspettes absent. Mesosome cylindrical, chitinized, gradually tapering to apex; narrowly open along ventral side, widely open on the dorsum except just before the apex where it is almost closed; at the base the chitinous por- tions are united on the mid-dorsal line. Lobes of the ninth tergite appear as narrow thickenings and each bears 6 or more thin, long setae. The ventral caudal margin of the eighth segment is strongly chitinized and bears on its median area a row of short, stout spines. Larva. Head rounded, broader than long; antenna cylindrical, narrowed beyond the tuft, spined all over with fine spines; tuft multiple, large, situated a little before the middle; upper and lower dorsal head hairs long and multiple; anteantennal tuft large. In front of the upper dorsal head hairs and between the lower pair is a pair of smaller, multiple tufts. Abdominal lateral hairs multiple on the first to fifth segments, double on sixth, single on the seventh. Lateral comb of the eighth segment consists of many scales in a triangular patch. Anal segment wider than long, ringed by the plate; dorsal brush a long multiple tuft and a large tuft each side; ventral brush well developed, with small tufts preceding the barred area nearly to the base; the small tufts penetrating the chitinous ring; a two-haired lateral tuft near posterior border of plate. Anal gills longer than the segment, broad, rounded at the tips. Air-tube stout, gradually tapering on the outer half, slightly more than twice as long as wide. Pecten of eight to nine teeth on the basal fourth, becoming long hairs beyond and reaching near the apex of tube; tufts large, multiple, arising close to base of tube between the rows of pecten. This species occurs throughout the northern part of North America from ocean to ocean. It is very rare in the Central New York area. A single larva was taken at North Fairhaven and another found at Ithaca. The females hibernate and lay their eggs in triangular shaped rafts on the surface of the water. The larvae inhabit dark, clear, woodland pools. The
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
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44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
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46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
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48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
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50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
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RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
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RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
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RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
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CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
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9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
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them. In the open, they may be obta
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COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
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CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
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CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
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CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
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CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
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CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
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21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
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CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
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CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
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CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
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CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
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CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
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wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
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CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
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CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
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the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
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CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
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CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
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CULICINI 131 where favorable water
Page 150 and 151: CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
Page 152 and 153: CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
Page 154 and 155: CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
Page 156 and 157: CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
Page 158 and 159: CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
Page 160 and 161: CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
Page 162 and 163: CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
Page 164 and 165: CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
Page 166 and 167: CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
Page 168 and 169: CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
Page 170 and 171: CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
Page 172 and 173: CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
Page 174 and 175: CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
Page 176 and 177: CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
Page 178 and 179: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
Page 180 and 181: CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
Page 182 and 183: CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
Page 184 and 185: CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
Page 186 and 187: CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
Page 188 and 189: CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
Page 190 and 191: CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
Page 192 and 193: CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
Page 194 and 195: CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
Page 196 and 197: CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
Page 198 and 199: CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
Page 202 and 203: CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
Page 204 and 205: CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
Page 206 and 207: CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
Page 208 and 209: CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
Page 210 and 211: CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
Page 212 and 213: CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
Page 214 and 215: CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
Page 216 and 217: CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
Page 218 and 219: CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
Page 220 and 221: CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
Page 222 and 223: CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
Page 224 and 225: CULICINI 207 This species is widely
Page 226 and 227: REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
Page 228 and 229: PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
Page 230: PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
Page 233 and 234: I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
Page 235: PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 238 and 239: PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
Page 240 and 241: PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 242 and 243: PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
Page 244 and 245: PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
Page 246 and 247: PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
Page 248 and 249: PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
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:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
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INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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