a handbook of the mosquitoes of north america - Systematic Catalog ...

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CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide distribution. The larvae are found in water in tree holes and similar situations. Only a single species is known from North America. ORTHOPODOMYIA SIGNIFER Coquillett C&x sigaifer Coquillett, Can. Ent., 28, 43. 1896. Female. Length 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. Proboscis slender, with black and white scales so arranged as to form longitudinal striae. Occiput dark brown, with narrow, curved white scales and numer- ous long, erect, forked, dark ones; ocular margins with a row of re- cumbent white scales. Mesonotum deep brown with six longitudinal lines of beautiful white scales,-two lines are submarginal extending the whole length of the mesonotum, two are subdorsal extending from the anterior margin of the antescutellar space to the front of the mesonotum, two arise on the disk midway between the submarginal and the subdorsal and curving outwards along the margins of the antescutellar space extend backwards over the scutellum as long lines. The subdorsal white lines are margined without by a narrow bare stripe; between the submarginal and posterior curved white lines the mesonotum lacks scales as also does the antescutellar space. The rest of the mesonotum is clothed by narrow, curved, reddish-brown scales. Abdomen black, the second and third segments with basal white bands, the first with a basal triangular white patch and the remaining ones with lateral basal triangular spots; venter white scaled with a large intermixture of black scales especially at the apices of the segments. Legs with dark brown and white scales; hind legs with all the tarsal joints white at bases and apices, the last joint entirely white on the inner side; hind tibiae with a white spot at base and apex; mid tarsi with the base and apex of the first and . base of second narrowly white ringed, the rest dark brown; mid tibiae white spotted at base and apex. Male lzypopygiwn. (Fig. 5, PI. XVIII.) Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tapering to apex; apical lobe absent; basal lobe distinct bearing three stout spines, and smaller spines and setae. Clasper stout, slightly constricted beyond the base; each clasper ends in an articulated, broadened, comb-like spine. Tenth sternite prominent, each half terminating in a heavily chitinized, dorsally projecting lobe bearing three stout teeth. Mesosome narrowly open along the venter, closed on the dorsum, the apical portion bearing several lateral teeth. Parameres and basal plates well developed.
204 MOSQVITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Larva. “Head rounded; antennae moderate, with a tuft at basal third, narrowed beyond ; head-hairs multiple, the anteantennal tuft shorter. Abdomen with small dorsal chitinous plate on sixth segment, a large one on seventh and a transverse plate on the eighth, excavated for the air-tube; lateral comb a double row of long bars. Air-tube about three and a half times as long as wide, slightly tapered, a large tuft before the middle. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate, ventral brush posterior; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side; a single lateral hair. Anal gills as long as the segment, tapered.” (Dyar, 1928.) This species occurs in the eastern United States from Massa- chusetts to Texas. It can be found resting on trees, in the holes of which it breeds. M~$&&w Robineau-Desvoidy, M6m. Sot. d’Hist. Nat., 3, . r 403. 1827. Tox.orhync&tes Theobald, Mon. Culic., 1, 244. 1901. A&$orhy~2clz,~s Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brazil, 53. 1904. Worcesteria Banks, Phil. Jour. Sci., 1, 779. 1906. This genus contains mostly tropical species which are bril- liantly colored. The proboscis is remarkably curved and not fitted for sucking blood. The adults feed on nectar obtained from flowers and the juices of plants. They fly during the day. Their larvae are very large, predacious, and are found in tree holes, occasionally in water barrels and other artificial water containers. There are only two species known from North America. One of them, f%!. rzkt&s Coq., occurs in Flor- ida but nothing is known of its life-history or habits. MEW INUSSEPTENTRIONALIS Dyar and Knab iVeghariau.s septentrionalis Dyar and Knab. Jour. N.Y. Ent. sot., 15, 12. 1907. Meghaaifzz6.s herricki Theobald, Mon. Culic. 4, 131. 1907. Female. Length 4+ 7-d’mrn. ; wing ‘6, mm. Proboscis very long, sharply curved beyond the middle, black with violet reflections. Palpi about half as long as proboscis, distinctly segmented, black with blue
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
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44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
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46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
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48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
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50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
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RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
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RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
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RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
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CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
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9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
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them. In the open, they may be obta
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COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
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CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
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CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
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CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
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CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
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CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
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21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
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CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
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CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
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CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
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CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
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CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
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wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
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CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
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CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
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the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
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CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
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CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
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CULICINI 131 where favorable water
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CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
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CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
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CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
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CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
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CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
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CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
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CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
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CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
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CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
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CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
Page 170 and 171: CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
Page 172 and 173: CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
Page 174 and 175: CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
Page 176 and 177: CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
Page 178 and 179: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
Page 180 and 181: CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
Page 182 and 183: CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
Page 184 and 185: CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
Page 186 and 187: CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
Page 188 and 189: CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
Page 190 and 191: CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
Page 192 and 193: CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
Page 194 and 195: CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
Page 196 and 197: CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
Page 198 and 199: CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
Page 200 and 201: CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
Page 202 and 203: CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
Page 204 and 205: CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
Page 206 and 207: CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
Page 208 and 209: CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
Page 210 and 211: CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
Page 212 and 213: CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
Page 214 and 215: CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
Page 216 and 217: CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
Page 218 and 219: CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
Page 222 and 223: CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
Page 224 and 225: CULICINI 207 This species is widely
Page 226 and 227: REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
Page 228 and 229: PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
Page 230: PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
Page 233 and 234: I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
Page 235: PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 238 and 239: PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
Page 240 and 241: PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
Page 242 and 243: PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
Page 244 and 245: PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
Page 246 and 247: PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
Page 248 and 249: PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
Page 250 and 251: :_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
Page 252 and 253: INDEX
Page 254 and 255: 264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
Page 256 and 257: 266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
Page 258 and 259: 268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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