a handbook of the mosquitoes of north america - Systematic Catalog ...

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CHARACTERISTICS 15 Uniting the bases of the side-pieces on the ventral side is the interbasal fold (I.F.). From each side of the interbasal fold arises a small organ, the claspette (Cs.). It consists of a slender, cylindrical stem, bearing at its apex an articulated broad, leaf-like expansion -the filament of the claspette (F.cs). FIGURE 6. Hypopygium of Aedes stimztlans. A.L. apical lobe; B.L. basal lobe; B.P. basal plate; C. claw of clasper; Cl. clasper; Cs. claspette; F.cs. filament of claspette; I.F. interbasal fold; Lg. lobes of the ninth tergite; P. paramere; S.P. side-piece; 10s. tenth sternite; gT. ninth tergite. Lying in the median plane, directly above and extending be- yond the lobes of the ninth tergite and within the cavity formed by the ninth segment and the side-pieces are the chitinized parts of the genital orifice and the anal appendages. Owing to the torsion of these parts the anal opening is below that of
16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the genital organs. Arising on each side just beneath the lobe of the ninth tergite and extending downward and outward and then curving caudad and dorsad is a dark band of chitin which ends in a heavily chitinized point and meets, in the median line, its fellow from the opposite side. This structure constitutes the tenth segment (Figs. 6, 7 and 8, 10s). The tenth sternite gives off a short projection (basal arm) near the middle which articulates with the dorsal arm of the paramere (P). Directly D.A FIGURE 7. Dorsal view of the 10th segment, mesosome and supporting structures of Aedes stimuhas. Ap. apodeme ; D.A. dorsal arm of the paramere; B.P. basal plate; D.A.S. dorsal arm of the tenth sternite; D.B. dorsal bridge ; L.A. lateral arm of the paramere; Mes. mesosome; P. paramere; 10s. tenth sternite; IOT. tenth tergite; V.B. ventral bridge. above the lobes of ninth tergite and partially surrounded by the tenth segment is the chitinized genital orifice. The ejacu- latory duct is membranous but it is surrounded by chitinized plates, the penis valves. In this species the penis valves form a somewhat cylindrical-shaped organ chitinized on the sides and over the dorsum. The median ventral portion is not chitinized except at the base where there is a complete ring. The portion over the dorsum has been called the lower bridge, and
Page 1: A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
Page 4 and 5: COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
Page 6 and 7: say a terrifying, amount of literat
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
Page 11 and 12: The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
Page 13 and 14: VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
Page 15 and 16: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
Page 17 and 18: 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
Page 19 and 20: FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
Page 21 and 22: FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
Page 23 and 24: 6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
Page 26: PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
Page 29 and 30: 12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
Page 31: --__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
Page 35 and 36: I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
Page 39 and 40: 22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
Page 41 and 42: 24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
Page 43 and 44: 26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
Page 45 and 46: FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
Page 47 and 48: 30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
Page 49 and 50: 32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
Page 51 and 52: 34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
Page 53 and 54: 36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
Page 55 and 56: 38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
Page 57 and 58: 40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
Page 59 and 60: 42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
Page 61 and 62: 44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
Page 63 and 64: 46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
Page 65 and 66: 48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
Page 67: 50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
Page 70 and 71: RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
Page 72 and 73: RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
Page 74 and 75: RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
Page 78 and 79: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
Page 80 and 81: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
Page 82 and 83:
9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
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MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
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MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
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them. In the open, they may be obta
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COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
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CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
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CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
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CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
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CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
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CULICIDAE This species ranges from
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CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
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CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
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21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
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CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
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CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
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CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
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CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
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CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
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CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
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wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
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CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
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CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
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the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
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CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
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CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
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CULICINI 131 where favorable water
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CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
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CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
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CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
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CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
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CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
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CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
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CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
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CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
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CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
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CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
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CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
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CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
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CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
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CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
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CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
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CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
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CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
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CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
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CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
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CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
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CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
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CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
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CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
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CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
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CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
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CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
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CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
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CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
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CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
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CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
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CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
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CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
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CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
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CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
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CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
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CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
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CULICINI 207 This species is widely
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REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
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PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
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PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
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I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
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PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
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PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
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PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
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PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
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PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
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:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
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INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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