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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CULICINI 101 stout and associated with a row of slender hairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spelzcerii ’ . ‘j Basal lobe broadly attached to the side-piece, not appically expanded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Basal lobe large, quadrangular, extending nearly to the apical lobe ; spine slender, with a group of long hairs closely associated with it . . . . . . . . . . . .pwzctor - ’ _- Basal lobe conical, not reaching more than half-way to the apical lobe; spine stout, not associated with a group of long hairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aldrichi Basal lobe conical, with a stout recurved spine at base and a row of long smaller spines around it. . abserratus . ’ Basal lobe broadly triangular, densely clothed with fine hairs and setae; a single delicate basal spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Izirsztteron ’ , ’ Filament of claspette inserted before the apex of stem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tlzibadti ’ ’ ’ me Filament of claspette inserted at apex of stem . . . . . .22 Stem of claspette broadly expanded in the middle ; densely hirsute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . atlaazticz~s ‘*s - ’ -” Stem of claspette not broadly expanded in the middle, though it may be angulate or slightly expanded . . . .23 Basal lobe uniformly long haired; no large distinct spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...24 Basal lobe with one or more stout spines . . . . . . . . . .25 Filament of claspette very short stout with transverse ridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trichrus ’ Filament of claspette almost as long as the stem, linear, pointed at apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alpinus > Filament of claspette with long, median retrorse serrated spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hzfirmatus I - ,’ - Filament of claspette with long median retrorse non- serrated spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trivittntw Filament of claspette without retrorse median spine . .26 Stem of claspette sharply angulate in the middle; basal lobe small with a single stout spine, two ad-
102 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. jacent smaller spines and a distinct detached por- tion bearing two stout spines at the apex . .pt~lZatz~~ Stem of claspette not angulate; basal lobe not as de- scribed above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...27 Basal lobe with a single stout spine on the margin. . . .28 Basal lobe with two short spines on the outer margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dorsalis Basal lobe with several long hairs on the margin, all nearly the same length, one a little stouter. . ca@c.stris Filament of claspette nearly twice as long as the stem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ca&ator Filament of claspette shorter or barely as long as the stem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...29 Apical lobe with few or no short setae on its dorsal face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...30 Apical lobe with numerous long or short setae on its dorsal face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...33 Filament of claspette narrowly ligulate . . . . . . . . . dzq’mei Filament of claspette expanded in the middle . . . . . . . .31 Apical lobe long, finger like, with a group of long stout hairs arising near its base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Apical lobe short, not finger like ; without a group of long stout hairs near its base . . . . . . . . . . .xwarcticz~~ Filament of claspette with a sharp tooth-like angulation near the base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .i~~zpiger Filament of claspette without such angulation, gradu- ally expanded at the middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . cataphyZla Filament of claspette shorter than the stem . . . . . . . .34 Filament of claspette as lon g as or longer than the stem 36 Filament of claspette sharply angulate at base . . . .fitchii Filament of claspette not sharply angulate at base . . . .35 Basal lobe large, triangular, densely clothed with short setae ; spine stout and short . . . . . . . . . ahoriginis Basal lobe small, semi-detached, expanded at apex, clothed with long stout setae ; spine long, stout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cokwmhnis / c, * \’ I _ \’ _: _ ,
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
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44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
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46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
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48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
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Page 70 and 71: RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
Page 72 and 73: RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
Page 74 and 75: RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
Page 78 and 79: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
Page 80 and 81: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
Page 82 and 83: 9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
Page 84 and 85: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
Page 86 and 87: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
Page 88 and 89: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
Page 90 and 91: MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
Page 92 and 93: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
Page 94 and 95: them. In the open, they may be obta
Page 96 and 97: COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
Page 98 and 99: COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
Page 100 and 101: CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
Page 102 and 103: CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
Page 104 and 105: CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
Page 106 and 107: CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
Page 108 and 109: CULICIDAE This species ranges from
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
Page 112 and 113: CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
Page 114 and 115: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 116 and 117: 31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
Page 120 and 121: CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
Page 122 and 123: 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Page 124 and 125: CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
Page 126 and 127: CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
Page 128 and 129: CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
Page 130 and 131: CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
Page 132 and 133: CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
Page 134 and 135: CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
Page 136 and 137: wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
Page 138 and 139: CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
Page 140 and 141: CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
Page 142 and 143: the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
Page 144 and 145: CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
Page 146 and 147: CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
Page 148 and 149: CULICINI 131 where favorable water
Page 150 and 151: CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
Page 152 and 153: CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
Page 154 and 155: CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
Page 156 and 157: CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
Page 158 and 159: CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
Page 160 and 161: CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
Page 162 and 163: CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
Page 164 and 165: CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
Page 166 and 167: CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
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CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
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CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
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CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
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CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
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CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
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CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
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CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
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CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
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CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
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CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
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CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
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CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
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CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
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CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
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CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
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CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
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CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
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CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
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CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
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CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
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CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
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CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
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CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
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CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
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CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
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CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
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CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
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CULICINI 207 This species is widely
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REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
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PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
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PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
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I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
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PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
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PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
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PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
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PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
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PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
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:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
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INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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