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CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a single pair of ventral tufts . . . . . . , , . . .7 Air-tube with several pairs of ventral tufts . . . . . . . CuZex 7. Head elongate, elliptical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uranotcmia =- Head nearly circular or transverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 8. Mandible angularly projecting laterally . . . . Deinocerites Mandible concealed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 9. Air-tube with the tufts close to the base . . . . Tlzeobaldia ‘r_ Air-tube with the tufts near the middle or beyond . . . . 10 0. Anal segment ringed by the dorsal plate, with hair tufts piercing the ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psorophora Anal segment not ringed by the dorsal plate, or if ringed the hair-tufts posterior tot the ring , . . . . Aedes 1 GENUS AEDES AEDES Meigen Aede.9 Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Bek. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., 1, 13. 1818. This genus contains more than half (65) of all North Ameri- can species of mosquitoes. It is world wide in distribution and all the species bite, attacking mainly during the evening though many are nocturnal and some primarily diurnal. When disturbed or in favored situations, the great majority will readily attack during the day. In North America, the majority of our species are northern in distribution and the countless hordes of arctic mosquitoes belong in this genus. The northern species are lovers of woodlands, marshes, prairies, and moun- tainous areas. Other species are coastal forms breeding in salt marshes and such species become veritable plagues. Still others breed in water found in tree-holes, rock pools and some have become domesticated (A&es agypti) breeding only about hu- man habitations. Only one species (Aedes agypti) is known as a vector of disease (Yellow fever and dengue). * This genus has some fifty synonyms. For a list consult. Dyar, 1928. ’
96 nrosQu1~0~s 0~ NORTH A~~IERIcA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. TABLE OF SPECIES OF AEDES Adults Tarsal joints ringed with white .................. .2 Tarsal joints not ringed with white ......... I .... .18 Tarsi with white rings on both ends of the joints ... .3 Tarsi with white rings on basal ends of the joints only.. ...................................... . Wing scales black and white intermingled ......... .4 Wing scales uniformly dark colored ............... .5 Wing scales uniformly mottled, black and white . . ..................................... campestris . Third vein entirely dark scaled ............... dorsaLis .. Mesonotum entirely reddish-yellow ......... canademis .. Mesonotum pale with broad, dark, median stripe. .. .................................... Mesonotum without a dark, median stripe, variegated a tropalpus .... with pale and dark scales ................ zwipnlpzcs .. Proboscis of female ringed with white ........... .7 Proboscis of female not ringed with white .......... 10 Abdomen without a longitudinal dorsal, pale stripe .................................. tczniorhymhus Abdomen with a longitudinal dorsal pale stripe ..... .8 Scales of wing wholly dark colored ........ tiktchellae Scales of wings black and white intermingled ....... .9 Median stripe of abdomen and lateral spots conco- lorous .............................. fzigromacz&s Median stripe yellowish, lateral spots white . . sollicitam Mesonotum with lyre-shaped silvery markings. .. cegypti Mesonotum without such markings .............. 11 Tarsal white rings broad, especially on the hind legs . .12 Tarsal white rings very narrow ................. .17 Wing scales broad, having an inflated appearance ..................................... squamiger Wing scales narrow, not inflated ................. .13
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (Fig
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32 MOSQUITOES OF hToRm AMERICA cont
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34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA fere
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36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
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38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
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40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
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42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
Page 61 and 62: 44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
Page 63 and 64: 46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
Page 65 and 66: 48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
Page 67: 50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
Page 70 and 71: RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
Page 72 and 73: RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
Page 74 and 75: RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
Page 78 and 79: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
Page 80 and 81: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
Page 82 and 83: 9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
Page 84 and 85: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
Page 86 and 87: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
Page 88 and 89: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
Page 90 and 91: MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
Page 92 and 93: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
Page 94 and 95: them. In the open, they may be obta
Page 96 and 97: COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
Page 98 and 99: COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures e
Page 100 and 101: CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
Page 102 and 103: CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
Page 104 and 105: CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
Page 106 and 107: CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
Page 108 and 109: CULICIDAE This species ranges from
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
Page 114 and 115: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 116 and 117: 31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
Page 118 and 119: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
Page 120 and 121: CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
Page 122 and 123: 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Page 124 and 125: CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
Page 126 and 127: CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
Page 128 and 129: CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
Page 130 and 131: CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
Page 132 and 133: CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
Page 134 and 135: CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
Page 136 and 137: wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
Page 138 and 139: CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
Page 140 and 141: CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
Page 142 and 143: the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
Page 144 and 145: CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
Page 146 and 147: CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
Page 148 and 149: CULICINI 131 where favorable water
Page 150 and 151: CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
Page 152 and 153: CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
Page 154 and 155: CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
Page 156 and 157: CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
Page 158 and 159: CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
Page 160 and 161: CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
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CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
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CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
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CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
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CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
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CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
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CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
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CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
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CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
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CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
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CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
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CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
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CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
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CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
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CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
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CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
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CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
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CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
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CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
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CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
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CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
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CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
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CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
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CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
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CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
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CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
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CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
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CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
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CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
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CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
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CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
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CULICINI 207 This species is widely
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REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
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PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
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PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
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I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
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PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
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PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
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PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
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PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
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PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
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:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
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INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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