a handbook of the mosquitoes of north america - Systematic Catalog ...

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COLLECTING AND REARING 81 secures either a dorsal or ventral view of the entire larva back to the eighth segment and a lateral view of the eighth and ninth segments and the siphon. For Anopheline larvae this procedure is not necessary. Rearing the Lammae This is by all means the best method of securing perfect adult specimens. They can be reared in any type of aquarium provided you furnish the larvae with proper food and ordinary rain water. The food should be secured, so far as possible, from the type of pools where the larvae were captured. The aquarium may be covered with a bell jar or other type of covering and the emerging adults may be collected or allowed to die and then be pinned. However, in order to know from what larvae a certain adult came, it is necessary to do individual rearing. By this method, isolations are made of nearly ma- ture larvae into small 6 or 8 drachm vials. The mouths of the vials are covered with cheese cloth held in place by a rubb,er band or plugged with cotton. Many such isolations should be made. The water should be changed every few days. When the larva pupates the last larval skin can be preserved and mounted. Some system should be used so that the shed larval skin, the pupal skin and the adult can be connected. By dili- gently following this isolation method one can obtain a good collection of all stages of the mosquitoes found in any locality.
CHAPTER VI SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF NORTH AMERICAN CULICIDAE The family Culicidae consists of two well defined sub-fami- lies. These are the C’jznobori~znc (Coretlzrinae of authors) and the Culicinae. The members of the former are readily separ- ated by the fact that the mouthparts of the females are not fitted for piercing. This sub-family is not treated further in this handbook. In the Culicinae, the mouthparts of the females are elongated and fitted for piercing and sucking. SUB-FAMILY CULICINAE The sub-family Culicinae contains all those species which possess an elongated proboscis fitted for piercing. Most of them, especially our northern species, are blood-sucking in habit. A few are not known to suck blood and some live on plant juices. The Culicinae are divided into two tribes--A#zopheZini and Culicini. TABLE OF TRIBES Adults A. Scutellum trilobed, the marginal setae on the lobes only; if trilobed then a spurious vein behind the fif t/z vein (Mcgarlzimts) . Palpi ( in the females) much shorter than the proboscis . . . . . . . . . . Czdicini . ’ AA. Scutellum never trilobed, crescent-shaped with the marginal setae evenly distributed. Palpi (males and females) as long or almost as long as the proboscis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A~zo~hclini Larvae A. Eighth segment provided with a distinctly elongate dorsal siphon or respiratory tube . . . . . . . . . . Czdicini . 82
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A HANDBOOK OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NOR
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COPYRIGHT 1929 EY CHARLES C THOMAS
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say a terrifying, amount of literat
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CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . Plates
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The Sub-family Culicinae . . . . Ke
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VIII. 1. Wings of Anopheles. 1. A.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. FIGURES Aedes v
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16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Dia
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FIGURE I. Aedes vexajzs, female. Ab
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FIGURE 2. Aedes vexans, male.
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6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The T
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PLATE II. 6. Lateral view *of thora
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12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cord
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--__ --- 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AME
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16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the
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I_ ’ ,.L7 ’ A,A.T 4,’ .“ i
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FIGURE gA. Larva of Anofiheles pulz
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22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA thre
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24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA THE
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26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA inou
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FIGURE 12. Culex pipiens. Adult fem
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Page 53 and 54: 36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neve
Page 55 and 56: 38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a si
Page 57 and 58: 40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA +zct
Page 59 and 60: 42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA area
Page 61 and 62: 44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA cave
Page 63 and 64: 46 RELATION TO WELFARE (4) Reductio
Page 65 and 66: 48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DISE
Page 67: 50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA (No.
Page 70 and 71: RELATION TO WELFARE 53 the southern
Page 72 and 73: RELATION TO WELFARE 55 has demonstr
Page 74 and 75: RELATION TO WELFARE 57 The presence
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER IV THE PROBLEM OF MOSQUITO
Page 78 and 79: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 61 and careful s
Page 80 and 81: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 63 by drainage s
Page 82 and 83: 9 MOSQUITO REDUCTION 6.5 streams ar
Page 84 and 85: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 67 periment Stat
Page 86 and 87: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 69 in oil and an
Page 88 and 89: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 71 Destructiovl
Page 90 and 91: MOSQUITO RJDUCTION 73 plants, by th
Page 92 and 93: MOSQUITO REDUCTION 75 involve the f
Page 94 and 95: them. In the open, they may be obta
Page 96 and 97: COLLECTING AND REARING 79 simplest
Page 100 and 101: CULI( IDAE 83 AA. Eighth segment wi
Page 102 and 103: CULICIDAE 85 3. Claspette not bilob
Page 104 and 105: CULICIDAE found them in nearly all
Page 106 and 107: CULICIDAE Canada and the northern b
Page 108 and 109: CULICIDAE This species ranges from
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER VII THE TRIBE CULICINI The
Page 112 and 113: CULICINI 95 6. Air-tube with a sing
Page 114 and 115: 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 116 and 117: 31. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CULICIS
Page 118 and 119: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. CUL
Page 120 and 121: CU1~1,1N1 103 36. Filament of clasp
Page 122 and 123: 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Page 124 and 125: CULICINI 107 Male hypopygizm. (Fig.
Page 126 and 127: CULICINI 109 Larva. (Fig. 3, Pl. XX
Page 128 and 129: CULICINI 111 usually occurs in late
Page 130 and 131: CULICINI 113 Aedes eudes Howard, Dy
Page 132 and 133: CULICINI 115 black and yellowish sc
Page 134 and 135: CULICINI 117 anteantennal tuft long
Page 136 and 137: wide ; pecten reaching ple, situate
Page 138 and 139: CULICINI 121 CuCex fletcheri Coyuil
Page 140 and 141: CULICINI 123 yellowish, narrow, ere
Page 142 and 143: the tube tube. CULICINI 125 ; tuft
Page 144 and 145: CULICIliI 127 cheeks with broad, fl
Page 146 and 147: CULICINI 129 margin and a smaller o
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CULICINI 131 where favorable water
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CULICINI dorsum and at the base, on
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CULICINI 13.5 the dorsum. Lobes of
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CULICINI 137 ment with a basal whit
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CULICINI 139 Male hypopygium. (Fig.
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CULICINI 141 anterior margin follow
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CUL1C1N1 143 upper dorsal head hair
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CULICINI 145 FernaLe. Length 4.5 mm
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CULICINI 147 scales; pleura with pa
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CULICINI 149 pale yellow scales med
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CULICINI 151 FenzaZe. Length 5.5 mm
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CULICINI ter is passed in the egg s
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CULICINI 155 out one-third, followe
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CULICINI 157 adults are blood thirs
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CULICINI 159 tz~ Dyar (of doubtful
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ted before the ap
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CULICINI 163 Culex saxatilis Grossb
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CULICINI 165 prominent processes-th
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CULlCINI 167 ciqut dark brown, clot
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CULICINI 169 LUJ-ZU. Head subquadra
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CULICINI 171 painful biters and the
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CUWCINI 173 golden scales, black fl
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CULICI~I 17.5 Czt$/e.x i&biktor occ
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CULICINI 177 Air-tube five times as
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CULICINI 179 Larvae 1. Air-tube wit
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CULICINI 181 spots or ill defined r
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CULICINI 183 Lateral comb of the ei
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CULICINI 18.5 adults are not persis
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CULICINI 187 GENUS PSOROPHORA Psoro
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CULICINI 189 4. Upper and Lower hea
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CULICINI 191 and pupal life is shor
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CULICINI as to form no distinct pat
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CULICIKI 195 blackish scales and br
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CULICINI 197 brown with silvery hai
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CULICINI 199 Mesosome a stout, heav
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CULICINI 201 Fellzale. Length 3 mm.
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CULICINI 203 This genus is of wide
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CULICINI 205 and violet scales, the
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CULICINI 207 This species is widely
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REFERENCES 209 Knowles, R., and Sen
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PLATE III. I. View across a marsh a
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PLATE V. 5. A deep woodland pool in
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I PLATE VIII. Wings of Anopheles: I
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PL~ITE X. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XIII. Hypopygia of Aedes. I.
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PLATE XV. Hypopygia of Aedes. I. A.
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PLATE XWa. Hypopygia of Culex. I. C
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PLATE XVIII. Hypopygia. I. Psovopho
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PLATE XX. Larvae of mosquitoes. 17
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PLATE XXII. Larvae of mosquitoes. I
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:_ \. ‘. ._I PLATE XXIV, Ill us t
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INDEX
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264 INDEX C taco tlzius, 158 cnllit
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266 IiYDEX maculipennis, 41, 52, St
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268 INDEX tcmzinalis, 192 territans
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