Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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Chapter 5 Table 3. Summary of main environmental laws. Law Objective P.S. No. 4,771, September 15th, 1965 Forest Code Permanent preservation areas No. 997, May 31st, 1976 Environment Polution Control Environmental Permission Portaria do Ministério do Interior No. 323, It prohibits release of vinhoto in the water November 29th, 1981 No. 6,938, August 31st, 1981 Environment National Policy Mechanisms and instruments (environmental zoning, Environmental Impact Assessment) CONAMA deliberation No.001/7986 General Guidelines for the Evaluation of For ‘industrial complex and units and agro- Environmental Impact industrial’ No. 6,171, July 04th, 1988 The use, conservation and preservation of agricultural soil No. 11,241, September 19th, 2002 Gradual elimination of burning the straw of Elimination of the use of fire as a unstraw method sugarcane and facilitator of cutting the sugarcane No. 12183/05 Use of water charge No. 50,889, June 16th, 2006 Legal Reserve of landed property in the State of Obligation of reserving an area equivalent to 20% São Paulo of each rural property SMA deliberation 42, October 14th, 2006 Environmental prior license to distilleries of alcohol, It defines criteria and procedures sugar plants and units of production of spirits Deliberation No. 382, December 26th, It sets the maximum emission of air pollutants to Annex III: Emission limits for air pollutants from 2006 sources. processes of heat generation from the external combustion of sugarcane’s mulch Agricultural and Environmental Protocol of Prominence to anticipate the legal period to the Government of the State of São Paulo and UNICA sugar/ethanol industry end of the harvest of sugarcane with the previous use of fire in the areas cultivated by plants Elimination intentions of burning Removal of burnt by 2014 SIAMIG/SINDAÇÚCAR-MG and Government of the sugarcane in the ethanol/sugar sector of State of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais protocol 118 Sugarcane ethanol Source: Brazilian and State laws.
Sugar and ethanol agribusiness undertaking Activity 5: support Activity 4: industrial process Activity 3: harvesting Activity 2: planting, crop treatments Activity 1: preliminary Environment Environmental sustainability of sugarcane ethanol in Brazil Anthropic: jobs, economy, sociocultural aspects Biological: flora, fauna Physical: atmosphere, land, water Sugarcane ethanol 119 Changes Impacts Mitigating measures Preventive Corrective Valorization Compensatory Monitoring Figure 3. Environmental analysis structure for EIA/RIMA: sugarcane agribusiness. Source: Elia Neto (2008).
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Sugarcane ethanol Contributions to
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Table of contents Foreword 11 José
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Chapter 8 �e global impacts of US
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Foreword �e use of biofuels as a
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Executive summary Do biofuels help
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Executive summary 12. Projections o
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Chapter 1 Introduction to sugarcane
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol A
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol C
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol F
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol H
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Chapter 2 Production (million tons)
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Chapter 2 Table 2. Sugarcane produc
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Chapter 2 Harvested area (million h
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Chapter 2 million hectares 8 7 6 5
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Chapter 2 Table 5. Global significa
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Chapter 2 (FAOSTAT, 2008). �e lan
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Chapter 2 indicating that sugarcane
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Chapter 2 and vinasse produced duri
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Chapter 2 • • • • Harvested
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Chapter 2 2.2. AEZ assessment of la
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Chapter 2 The quantified descriptio
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Chapter 2 Table 8 summarizes by reg
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Chapter 2 Table 9. Suitability of u
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Chapter 2 Table 10. Suitability of
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Chapter 2 of bio-diversity and land
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Chapter 2 FAO, 1987. 1948-1985 Worl
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Chapter 2 Smeets, E., M. Junginger,
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Chapter 3 Considering that this deb
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Chapter 3 1,000 ha 9,000 8,000 7,00
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 3 Another source of data on
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 3 Figure 3. Different land
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 3 1-Pastureand crops expans
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 3 Given that the model is u
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 3 to the case studies; (d)
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 3 Mato Grosso do Sul in 200
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 3 the Pasture class increas
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 3 Table 5. Number of sugarc
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 3 of 12.6% from 2001 to 200
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 3 Table 6. South-Centre: ex
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 3 4.5. Options for approach
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 3 states that have lost pas
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 3 It is important to contex
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 4 Mitigation of GHG emissio
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Basic data: sugarcane prod
Page 95 and 96: Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
Page 97 and 98: GHG emission (kg CO 2 eq/m 3 etOH)
Page 101 and 102: Table 7. Soil carbon content for di
Page 105 and 106: 5. Conclusions Mitigation of GHG em
Page 107: Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 5 Oil reserves - Gasoline/d
Page 112 and 113: Chapter 5 in research and developme
Page 116 and 117: Chapter 5 3. Environmental indicato
Page 118 and 119: Chapter 5 Table 4. Carbon stock in
Page 120 and 121: Chapter 5 3.2. Water Total carbon i
Page 122 and 123: Chapter 5 3.3. Soil and fertilizers
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 5 3.4. Management of diseas
Page 126 and 127: Chapter 5 Table 10. Sugarcane and v
Page 128 and 129: Chapter 5 in the implementation of
Page 130 and 131: Chapter 5 Table 11. Continued. Crit
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 5 Brazilian Government. Lei
Page 134 and 135: Chapter 5 São Paulo State Governme
Page 136 and 137: Chapter 6 2. Development of the eth
Page 138 and 139: Chapter 6 blends by car manufacture
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 6 Brazil have been roughly
Page 142 and 143: Chapter 6 Overall there are few di
Page 144 and 145: Chapter 6 3.2.1. The impact of exis
Page 146 and 147: Chapter 6 �e use of ethanol in he
Page 148 and 149: Chapter 6 cropping systems that pro
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 6 certainty, the supply of
Page 152 and 153: Chapter 6 De Vries, B.J.M., D.P. va
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 7 Biofuel conversion techno
Page 157 and 158: Biofuel conversion technologies �
Page 159 and 160: Biofuel conversion technologies In
Page 161 and 162: Biofuel conversion technologies the
Page 163 and 164: Biofuel conversion technologies Imp
Page 165 and 166:
Biofuel conversion technologies Pro
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Investment costs (Euro/kWth input c
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4.2. Greenhouse gas balances Biofue
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Reduction in CO equivalent emission
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies pot
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Chapter 8 The global impacts of US
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The global impacts of US and EU bio
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Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Table 1. Change in output due to EU
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Page 191 and 192:
Forest cover Pasture cover USEU 201
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Chapter 9 also risks and serious tr
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Chapter 9 Box 2. Bioethanol stoves
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Chapter 9 �e highest impact on po
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Chapter 9 the increased generation
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Chapter 9 o�ers to support the MD
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Chapter 9 Price variation (%) 14 12
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Chapter 9 Dufey et al., 2007a). Leg
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Chapter 9 manufactured directly fro
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Chapter 9 in mechanical aid for the
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Chapter 9 Table 1. Import tariffs o
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Chapter 9 3.8. Improving efficiency
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Chapter 9 some minimum transport in
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Chapter 9 IEA, 2004. Biofuels for T
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Chapter 10 Why are current food pri
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Why are current food prices so high
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2.4 Long-term drivers of supply Why
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3.1. Effects on the supply side Why
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3.3 Policy responses to rising food
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3.4. Other effects • Why are curr
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- - - - Why are current food prices
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18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5. The fut
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• • • Why are current food pr
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6.1. Policy implications Why are cu
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Why are current food prices so high
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Authors Dr. Marcos Adami, senior re
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Keyword index A Africa 204, 205, 20
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M maize 20, 83, 104, 173, 184, 187,
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Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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