Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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Chapter 3 to the case studies; (d) Sub-section 4.4 presents the projections on land use for sugarcane; and (e) Sub-section 4.5 discusses options for analyzing ILUC. A summary of the results obtained from the three di�erent methodologies used in this study is presented in Table 3. Detailed results are discussed in the sub-sections. Table 3. Land use classes converted to sugarcane: comparative results in the South-Central region (1000 ha). Period/measurement method 2002-2006 (harvested area) 1 4.1. LUC evaluation through remote sensing images 2007-2008 (planted area) 2 2008-2018 (harvested area) 3 Sugarcane expansion 1,030 2,184 3,848 Agriculture 122 (12%) 1,152 (53%) 1,455 (38%) Pasture 793 (77%) 991 (45%) 2,369 (62%) Other 114 (11%) 42 (2%) 24 (1%) 1 Source: secondary data from IBGE. 2 Source: satellite images. 3 Source: projection model. �is sub-section analysis the expanded sugarcane area harvested for the �rst time and is divided in three parts: (1) analysis comprising the years of 2007 and 2008 for the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Paraná Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso; (2) analysis comprising the period from 2005 to 2008 for the State of São Paulo; and (3) analysis comparing the years of 2007 and 2008 for the reduced South-Central region 3 (or South-Central region minus the states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul). 4.1.1. Analysis for the years of 2007 and 2008 in the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso Figure 5 shows the results for the Pasture, Agriculture, Reforestation and Forest classes which were displaced for the expansion of sugarcane crop harvested for the �rst time in 2007 and 2008. Most of the expansion of sugarcane area took place over the Agriculture and Pasture classes. �e Agriculture class registered the largest displaced area to sugarcane except for 76 Sugarcane ethanol
1,119 2% 1,892 8% 25,656 21% 25,703 30% 35,039 33% 18,395 40% 8,440 33% 2007 739 1% 93,883 78% 59,442 70% 71,883 67% 26,823 58% 15,134 59% Minas Gerais Total expansion: 2007 120,306 2008 141,190 Goiás Total expansion: 2007 85,559 2008 143,155 Paraná Total expansion: 2007 107,350 2008 97,719 Mato Grosso du Sul Total expansion: 2007 46,446 2008 87,434 Prospects of the sugarcane expansion in Brazil 2,385 Mato Grosso 8% Total expansion: 2007 25,524 2008 30,735 48,284 34% 34,514 24% 42,336 43% 48,465 55% 10,555 34% forest agriculture pasture 2008 91,959 65% 108,072 76% 55,159 57% 38,908 45% 17,761 58% Figure 5. Area in hectares and percentages of the land use classes converted to sugarcane in 2007 and 2008 in the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. Sugarcane ethanol 77 876 1%
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Sugarcane ethanol Contributions to
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Table of contents Foreword 11 José
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Chapter 8 �e global impacts of US
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Foreword �e use of biofuels as a
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Executive summary Do biofuels help
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Executive summary 12. Projections o
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Chapter 1 Introduction to sugarcane
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol A
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol C
Page 21 and 22: Introduction to sugarcane ethanol F
Page 23: Introduction to sugarcane ethanol H
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2 Production (million tons)
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2 Table 2. Sugarcane produc
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2 Harvested area (million h
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2 million hectares 8 7 6 5
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2 Table 5. Global significa
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 (FAOSTAT, 2008). �e lan
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2 indicating that sugarcane
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2 and vinasse produced duri
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 • • • • Harvested
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2 2.2. AEZ assessment of la
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2 The quantified descriptio
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 Table 8 summarizes by reg
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2 Table 9. Suitability of u
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2 Table 10. Suitability of
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 2 of bio-diversity and land
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 2 FAO, 1987. 1948-1985 Worl
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 2 Smeets, E., M. Junginger,
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 3 Considering that this deb
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3 1,000 ha 9,000 8,000 7,00
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 3 Another source of data on
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 3 Figure 3. Different land
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 3 1-Pastureand crops expans
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 3 Given that the model is u
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 3 Mato Grosso do Sul in 200
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 3 the Pasture class increas
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 3 Table 5. Number of sugarc
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 3 of 12.6% from 2001 to 200
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 3 Table 6. South-Centre: ex
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 3 4.5. Options for approach
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 3 states that have lost pas
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 3 It is important to contex
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 4 Mitigation of GHG emissio
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Basic data: sugarcane prod
Page 95 and 96: Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
Page 97 and 98: GHG emission (kg CO 2 eq/m 3 etOH)
Page 101 and 102: Table 7. Soil carbon content for di
Page 105 and 106: 5. Conclusions Mitigation of GHG em
Page 107: Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 5 Oil reserves - Gasoline/d
Page 112 and 113: Chapter 5 in research and developme
Page 114 and 115: Chapter 5 Table 3. Summary of main
Page 116 and 117: Chapter 5 3. Environmental indicato
Page 118 and 119: Chapter 5 Table 4. Carbon stock in
Page 120 and 121: Chapter 5 3.2. Water Total carbon i
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Chapter 5 3.3. Soil and fertilizers
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Chapter 5 3.4. Management of diseas
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Chapter 5 Table 10. Sugarcane and v
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Chapter 5 in the implementation of
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Chapter 5 Table 11. Continued. Crit
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Chapter 5 Brazilian Government. Lei
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Chapter 5 São Paulo State Governme
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Chapter 6 2. Development of the eth
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Chapter 6 blends by car manufacture
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Chapter 6 Brazil have been roughly
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Chapter 6 Overall there are few di
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Chapter 6 3.2.1. The impact of exis
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Chapter 6 �e use of ethanol in he
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Chapter 6 cropping systems that pro
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Chapter 6 certainty, the supply of
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Chapter 6 De Vries, B.J.M., D.P. va
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Chapter 7 Biofuel conversion techno
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies In
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Biofuel conversion technologies the
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Biofuel conversion technologies Imp
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Biofuel conversion technologies Pro
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Investment costs (Euro/kWth input c
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4.2. Greenhouse gas balances Biofue
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Reduction in CO equivalent emission
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies pot
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Chapter 8 The global impacts of US
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The global impacts of US and EU bio
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Table 1. Change in output due to EU
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Forest cover Pasture cover USEU 201
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Chapter 9 also risks and serious tr
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Chapter 9 Box 2. Bioethanol stoves
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Chapter 9 �e highest impact on po
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Chapter 9 the increased generation
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Chapter 9 o�ers to support the MD
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Chapter 9 Price variation (%) 14 12
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Chapter 9 Dufey et al., 2007a). Leg
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Chapter 9 manufactured directly fro
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Chapter 9 in mechanical aid for the
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Chapter 9 Table 1. Import tariffs o
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Chapter 9 3.8. Improving efficiency
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Chapter 9 some minimum transport in
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Chapter 9 IEA, 2004. Biofuels for T
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Chapter 10 Why are current food pri
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Why are current food prices so high
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2.4 Long-term drivers of supply Why
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3.1. Effects on the supply side Why
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3.3 Policy responses to rising food
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3.4. Other effects • Why are curr
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- - - - Why are current food prices
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18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5. The fut
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• • • Why are current food pr
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6.1. Policy implications Why are cu
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Why are current food prices so high
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Authors Dr. Marcos Adami, senior re
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Keyword index A Africa 204, 205, 20
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M maize 20, 83, 104, 173, 184, 187,
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Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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