Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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Chapter 2 Table 9. Suitability of unprotected grass/scrub/wood land for rain-fed sugarcane production. Unprotected grass/scrub/ wood land million ha In total, globally some 3.2 billion hectares of land are classi�ed as unprotected forests, of which 7.3 percent were regarded as very suitable (49 million hectares) or as suitable (some 185 million hectares; see Table 10) for rain-fed sugarcane cultivation. Of the suitable extents in both of these prospective suitability classes, Africa and South America contribute about 85 percent of the total. 2.4. Sustainability of land use changes Land potentially suitable, of which VS+S in grass & wood land Very suitable Suitable Moderately suitable million ha million ha million ha percent North America 566 1.1 2.1 3.7 0.6 Europe & Russia 666 0 0 0.0 0.0 Oceania & Polynesia 519 0.4 1.6 3.2 0.4 Asia 699 1.3 5.7 22.5 1.0 Africa 973 11.9 36.0 65.0 4.9 Centr. Am. & Carib. 98 1.1 2.4 3.5 3.6 South America 613 22.0 47.2 90.8 11.3 Developed 1741 1.2 2.5 4.5 0.2 Developing 2394 36.6 92.5 184.2 5.4 World 4135 37.8 95.0 188.7 3.2 Brazil 260 7.7 26.5 49.9 13.2 India 26 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 China 268 0.7 1.4 2.9 0.8 Thailand 12 0.0 0.1 1.2 0.6 Pakistan 14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source: Fisher et al., 2008; calculation by authors. Suitability classes are mutually exclusive, i.e. do not overlap. Sugarcane is widely accepted as one of the most promising – economically and with regard to greenhouse gas saving potential – bioenergy feedstock options currently available. For instance, the fossil energy ratio (output biofuel energy per unit of fossil fuel input energy) of sugarcane ethanol was 9.3 in 2006 and is projected to reach 11.6 by 2020 with 54 Sugarcane ethanol
Land use dynamics and sugarcane production SI >75: high SI 50-75: good SI 20-50: moderate SI 0-20: marginal Not suitable, protected and cultivated + grass 75: high SI 50-75: good SI 20-50: moderate SI 0-20: marginal Not suitable, not protected and forest
Page 1 and 2: Sugarcane ethanol Contributions to
Page 3 and 4: Table of contents Foreword 11 José
Page 5: Chapter 8 �e global impacts of US
Page 8 and 9: Foreword �e use of biofuels as a
Page 11 and 12: Executive summary Do biofuels help
Page 13 and 14: Executive summary 12. Projections o
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Introduction to sugarcane
Page 17 and 18: Introduction to sugarcane ethanol A
Page 19 and 20: Introduction to sugarcane ethanol C
Page 21 and 22: Introduction to sugarcane ethanol F
Page 23: Introduction to sugarcane ethanol H
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2 Production (million tons)
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2 Table 2. Sugarcane produc
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2 Harvested area (million h
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2 million hectares 8 7 6 5
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2 Table 5. Global significa
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 (FAOSTAT, 2008). �e lan
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2 indicating that sugarcane
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2 and vinasse produced duri
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 • • • • Harvested
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2 2.2. AEZ assessment of la
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2 The quantified descriptio
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 Table 8 summarizes by reg
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2 Table 10. Suitability of
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 2 of bio-diversity and land
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 2 FAO, 1987. 1948-1985 Worl
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 2 Smeets, E., M. Junginger,
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 3 Considering that this deb
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3 1,000 ha 9,000 8,000 7,00
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 3 Another source of data on
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 3 Figure 3. Different land
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 3 1-Pastureand crops expans
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 3 Given that the model is u
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 3 to the case studies; (d)
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 3 Mato Grosso do Sul in 200
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 3 the Pasture class increas
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 3 Table 5. Number of sugarc
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 3 of 12.6% from 2001 to 200
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 3 Table 6. South-Centre: ex
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 3 4.5. Options for approach
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 3 states that have lost pas
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 3 It is important to contex
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 4 Mitigation of GHG emissio
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Basic data: sugarcane prod
Page 95 and 96: Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
Page 97 and 98: GHG emission (kg CO 2 eq/m 3 etOH)
Page 99 and 100: Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
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Table 7. Soil carbon content for di
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Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
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5. Conclusions Mitigation of GHG em
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Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
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Chapter 5 Oil reserves - Gasoline/d
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Chapter 5 in research and developme
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Chapter 5 Table 3. Summary of main
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Chapter 5 3. Environmental indicato
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Chapter 5 Table 4. Carbon stock in
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Chapter 5 3.2. Water Total carbon i
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Chapter 5 3.3. Soil and fertilizers
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Chapter 5 3.4. Management of diseas
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Chapter 5 Table 10. Sugarcane and v
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Chapter 5 in the implementation of
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Chapter 5 Table 11. Continued. Crit
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Chapter 5 Brazilian Government. Lei
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Chapter 5 São Paulo State Governme
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Chapter 6 2. Development of the eth
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Chapter 6 blends by car manufacture
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Chapter 6 Brazil have been roughly
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Chapter 6 Overall there are few di
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Chapter 6 3.2.1. The impact of exis
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Chapter 6 �e use of ethanol in he
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Chapter 6 cropping systems that pro
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Chapter 6 certainty, the supply of
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Chapter 6 De Vries, B.J.M., D.P. va
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Chapter 7 Biofuel conversion techno
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies In
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Biofuel conversion technologies the
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Biofuel conversion technologies Imp
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Biofuel conversion technologies Pro
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Investment costs (Euro/kWth input c
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4.2. Greenhouse gas balances Biofue
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Reduction in CO equivalent emission
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies pot
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Chapter 8 The global impacts of US
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The global impacts of US and EU bio
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Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Table 1. Change in output due to EU
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Forest cover Pasture cover USEU 201
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Chapter 9 also risks and serious tr
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Chapter 9 Box 2. Bioethanol stoves
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Chapter 9 �e highest impact on po
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Chapter 9 the increased generation
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Chapter 9 o�ers to support the MD
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Chapter 9 Price variation (%) 14 12
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Chapter 9 Dufey et al., 2007a). Leg
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Chapter 9 manufactured directly fro
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Chapter 9 in mechanical aid for the
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Chapter 9 Table 1. Import tariffs o
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Chapter 9 3.8. Improving efficiency
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Chapter 9 some minimum transport in
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Chapter 9 IEA, 2004. Biofuels for T
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Chapter 10 Why are current food pri
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Why are current food prices so high
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2.4 Long-term drivers of supply Why
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3.1. Effects on the supply side Why
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3.3 Policy responses to rising food
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3.4. Other effects • Why are curr
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- - - - Why are current food prices
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18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5. The fut
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• • • Why are current food pr
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6.1. Policy implications Why are cu
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Why are current food prices so high
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Authors Dr. Marcos Adami, senior re
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Keyword index A Africa 204, 205, 20
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M maize 20, 83, 104, 173, 184, 187,
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Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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