Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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Keyword index – solar 11 environment 19 environmental licensing 73 ethanol – anhydrous 22, 141 – gasoline 22 – hydrous 22 Europe 234 European Union 148, 172, 181, 190, 192, 218 expansion 31, 33, 34, 40, 41, 47, 56, 57, 63, 65, 73, 78, 84, 92, 108, 210 F fermentation 11, 21, 23, 96, 127, 140, 142, 160, 164, 167, 168 ferti-irrigation 126 FFVs – See: �ex-fuel vehicles �ex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) 22, 139, 142, 148, 152 food prices 25, 26, 227, 229, 233, 235, 241 forest 88, 103 – riparian 46 fossil 200, 201, 205, 216, 220 G generation – �rst 148, 152, 159, 160, 176, 178, 217, 221 – second 139, 145, 148, 151, 152, 154, 155, 159, 160, 161, 165, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, 205, 242 GHG – See: greenhouse gas global impacts 181, 189 greenhouse gas (GHG) 54, 172, 200 – emissions 23, 24, 25, 34, 57, 63, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 107, 108, 109, 120, 133, 142, 146, 160, 172, 173, 174, 177, 178, 205, 207, 221 H hydrolysis 11, 22, 95, 96, 141, 154, 160, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 178 I India 29, 30, 36, 38, 51, 139, 140, 166, 169, 200, 203, 212 indicators 115, 120, 132, 164 industry – automotive 24 – biofuel 26, 218 – ethanol 23, 24 – gasoline 185 – paper & pulp 169 – sugar 30 – sugarcane 30, 43, 95, 203, 214 intercropping 103 irrigation 38, 51, 124, 208, 212 J Jatropha 160, 178 K Kenya 200 L land allocation 73 land use changes (LUC) 45, 54, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 84, 91, 92, 107, 113, 121, 123, 173, 195 – direct 63 – indirect 57, 63 Latin America 47, 148, 192, 200 legal framework 116, 117 license – operation (LO) 73 – previous (LP) 73 lignocellulosic 22, 95, 139, 154, 160, 164, 167, 178 LUC – See: land use changes 254 Sugarcane ethanol
M maize 20, 83, 104, 173, 184, 187, 209, 240 Malawi 200, 211 methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE) 20, 189 Millennium Development Goals 26, 199, 200, 220 Miscanthus 23 mitigation 95, 96, 100, 102, 109, 153, 207 MTBE – See: methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether N natural vegetation 43 Netherlands 218 North America 172, 178, 234 P Pakistan 38, 200 palm 146, 159, 160, 164, 178, 215 Panicum virgatum 23 pasture 25, 42, 44, 52, 56, 63, 69, 74, 78, 86, 91, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 123, 126, 161, 163, 178, 192, 195, 206, 211 – cultivated 42, 57, 104 – degraded 12 – extensive 43 photosynthesis 48, 96 policies 20, 24, 26, 29, 40, 113, 132, 181, 184, 189, 190, 196, 202, 210, 217, 218, 238 Proalcool program 33, 113 productivity 38, 51, 102, 107, 135, 208 Puerto Rico 32 R rain-fed sugarcane 38, 51, 52, 54 rainforest 129, 160 rapeseed 164 residues 22, 43, 139, 152, 161, 178 – forestry 155 Russia 241 Keyword index S sacchari�cation 11 satellite images 86, 90, 103 – analysis 66 savannah 46, 192 small farmers 24, 200, 209, 210, 212, 213, 220 soil 23, 24, 40, 43, 52, 69, 104, 126, 161, 210 sorghum 22, 23, 215 South Africa 212 South America 29, 52 starch 22 sugar beet 22, 159 sustainability 25, 54, 63, 120, 126, 146, 151, 153, 159, 199, 218 Sweden 134, 139 switchgrass 23 Switzerland 134 T �ailand 140 U United Kingdom 218 United States of America 20, 26, 139, 148, 181, 190 V vinasse 43, 58, 126, 211 W water 43, 58, 124, 128, 132, 146, 154, 161, 201, 208, 211 wheat 22 Z Zea mays 20 Zimbabwe 200 Sugarcane ethanol 255
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Sugarcane ethanol Contributions to
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Table of contents Foreword 11 José
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Chapter 8 �e global impacts of US
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Foreword �e use of biofuels as a
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Executive summary Do biofuels help
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Executive summary 12. Projections o
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Chapter 1 Introduction to sugarcane
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol A
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol C
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol F
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol H
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Chapter 2 Production (million tons)
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Chapter 2 Table 2. Sugarcane produc
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Chapter 2 Harvested area (million h
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Chapter 2 million hectares 8 7 6 5
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Chapter 2 Table 5. Global significa
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Chapter 2 (FAOSTAT, 2008). �e lan
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Chapter 2 indicating that sugarcane
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Chapter 2 and vinasse produced duri
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Chapter 2 • • • • Harvested
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Chapter 2 2.2. AEZ assessment of la
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Chapter 2 The quantified descriptio
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Chapter 2 Table 8 summarizes by reg
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Chapter 2 Table 9. Suitability of u
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Chapter 2 Table 10. Suitability of
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Chapter 2 of bio-diversity and land
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Chapter 2 FAO, 1987. 1948-1985 Worl
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Chapter 2 Smeets, E., M. Junginger,
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Chapter 3 Considering that this deb
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Chapter 3 1,000 ha 9,000 8,000 7,00
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Chapter 3 Another source of data on
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Chapter 3 Figure 3. Different land
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Chapter 3 1-Pastureand crops expans
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Chapter 3 Given that the model is u
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Chapter 3 to the case studies; (d)
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Chapter 3 Mato Grosso do Sul in 200
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Chapter 3 the Pasture class increas
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Chapter 3 Table 5. Number of sugarc
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Chapter 3 of 12.6% from 2001 to 200
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Chapter 3 Table 6. South-Centre: ex
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Chapter 3 4.5. Options for approach
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Chapter 3 states that have lost pas
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Chapter 3 It is important to contex
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Chapter 4 Mitigation of GHG emissio
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Table 1. Basic data: sugarcane prod
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Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
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GHG emission (kg CO 2 eq/m 3 etOH)
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Table 7. Soil carbon content for di
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5. Conclusions Mitigation of GHG em
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Chapter 5 Oil reserves - Gasoline/d
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Chapter 5 in research and developme
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Chapter 5 Table 3. Summary of main
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Chapter 5 3. Environmental indicato
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Chapter 5 Table 4. Carbon stock in
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Chapter 5 3.2. Water Total carbon i
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Chapter 5 3.3. Soil and fertilizers
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Chapter 5 3.4. Management of diseas
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Chapter 5 Table 10. Sugarcane and v
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Chapter 5 in the implementation of
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Chapter 5 Table 11. Continued. Crit
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Chapter 5 Brazilian Government. Lei
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Chapter 5 São Paulo State Governme
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Chapter 6 2. Development of the eth
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Chapter 6 blends by car manufacture
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Chapter 6 Brazil have been roughly
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Chapter 6 Overall there are few di
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Chapter 6 3.2.1. The impact of exis
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Chapter 6 �e use of ethanol in he
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Chapter 6 cropping systems that pro
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Chapter 6 certainty, the supply of
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Chapter 6 De Vries, B.J.M., D.P. va
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Chapter 7 Biofuel conversion techno
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies In
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Biofuel conversion technologies the
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Biofuel conversion technologies Imp
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Biofuel conversion technologies Pro
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Investment costs (Euro/kWth input c
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4.2. Greenhouse gas balances Biofue
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Reduction in CO equivalent emission
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies pot
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Chapter 8 The global impacts of US
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The global impacts of US and EU bio
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Table 1. Change in output due to EU
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Forest cover Pasture cover USEU 201
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Chapter 9 also risks and serious tr
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Chapter 9 Box 2. Bioethanol stoves
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Page 202 and 203: Chapter 9 the increased generation
Page 204 and 205: Chapter 9 o�ers to support the MD
Page 206 and 207: Chapter 9 Price variation (%) 14 12
Page 208 and 209: Chapter 9 Dufey et al., 2007a). Leg
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 9 manufactured directly fro
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 9 in mechanical aid for the
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 9 Table 1. Import tariffs o
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 9 3.8. Improving efficiency
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 9 some minimum transport in
Page 220 and 221: Chapter 9 IEA, 2004. Biofuels for T
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 10 Why are current food pri
Page 225 and 226: Why are current food prices so high
Page 227 and 228: 2.4 Long-term drivers of supply Why
Page 229 and 230: 3.1. Effects on the supply side Why
Page 231 and 232: 3.3 Policy responses to rising food
Page 233 and 234: 3.4. Other effects • Why are curr
Page 235 and 236: - - - - Why are current food prices
Page 237 and 238: 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5. The fut
Page 239 and 240: • • • Why are current food pr
Page 241 and 242: 6.1. Policy implications Why are cu
Page 243: Why are current food prices so high
Page 247 and 248: Authors Dr. Marcos Adami, senior re
Page 249: Keyword index A Africa 204, 205, 20
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Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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