Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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Chapter 8 results clearly illustrate the new linkage between energy and agricultural markets. Prices of agricultural commodities in the future will be driven not only by demand and supply relationships for the agricultural commodities themselves, but also by the price of crude oil. Ethanol from maize and sugarcane can be produced economically at high crude oil prices. �e US policy interventions have enabled the ethanol industry to exist and grow over the past 30 years. Today the government interventions continue to be important, but the new added driver is high oil prices. When one examines the US and EU policies together, one sees clearly that the impacts are felt around the world. Trade and production patterns are a�ected in every region. �e results presented here are very preliminary, but they serve to illustrate how the analysis can be used to estimate global production, trade, and land use impacts of US and EU policies. Acknowledgements �e author acknowledges the collaboration of Dileep Birur, Tom Hertel, and Farzad Taheripour. References Abbott, P., C. Hurt and W. Tyner, 2008. What’s Driving Food Prices? Farm Foundation Issue Report, July 2008. Available at: www.farmfoundation.org. Earth Policy Institute, 2006. World Ethanol Production. Available at: www.earthpolicy.org/Updates/2005/ Update49_data.htm. Energy Information Administration, 2008. U.S. Department of Energy. Available at: www.eia.doe.gov. European Biodiesel Board, 2007. �e EU Biodiesel Industry. Available at: www.ebb-eu.org/stats.php. Harrison, W.J., J.M. Horridge and K.R. Pearson, 2000 Decomposing Simulation Results with Respect to Exogenous Shocks. Computational Economics 15: 227-249. Hertel, T.W., W.E. Tyner and D.K. Birur, 2008 Biofuels for all? Understanding the Global Impacts of Multinational Mandates GTAP Working Paper No. 51, 2008. Renewable Fuels Association, 2007. World Fuel Ethanol Production. Available at: www.ethanolrfa.org/ industry/statistics/#A. Searchinger, T., R. Heimlich, R.A. Houghton, F. Dong, A. Elobeid, J. Fabiosa, S. Tokgoz, D. Hayes and T.- H. Yu, 2008. Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases �rough Emissions from Land-Use Change. Science 317: 1238-1240. Tyner, W.E., 2008. �e US Ethanol and Biofuels Boom: Its Origins, Current Status, and Future Prospects. BioScience 58: 646-53. Tyner, W.E. and F. Taheripour, 2007. Future Biofuels Policy Alternatives. paper presented at the Farm Foundation/USDA conference on, April 12-13, 2007, St. Louis, Missouri. In: Biofuels, Food, and Feed Tradeoffs, pp. 10-18. Available at: http://www.farmfoundation.org/projects/documents/ Tynerpolicyalternativesrevised4-20-07.pdf. 196 Sugarcane ethanol
The global impacts of US and EU biofuels policies Tyner, W. and F. Taheripour, 2008a. Policy Options for Integrated Energy and Agricultural Markets. Review of Agricultural Economics 30, in press. Tyner, W. and F. Taheripour, 2008b. Policy Analysis for Integrated Energy and Agricultural Markets in a Partial Equilibrium Framework. Paper Presented at the Transition to a Bio-Economy: Integration of Agricultural and Energy Systems conference on February 12-13, 2008. Available at: www.agecon. purdue.edu/papers. Tyner, W.E., F. Dooley, C. Hurt and J. Quear, 2008. Ethanol Pricing Issues for 2008. Industrial Fuels and Power, February 2008: 50-57. U.S. Congress, 2007. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. H.R. 6, 110 Congress, 1 st session. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/12/20071219-1.html. U.S. Congress, 2008. 2008 Farm Bill. H. R. 6124 (P.L. 110-246). Sugarcane ethanol 197
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Sugarcane ethanol Contributions to
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Table of contents Foreword 11 José
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Chapter 8 �e global impacts of US
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Foreword �e use of biofuels as a
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Executive summary Do biofuels help
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Executive summary 12. Projections o
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Chapter 1 Introduction to sugarcane
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol A
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol C
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol F
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol H
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Chapter 2 Production (million tons)
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Chapter 2 Table 2. Sugarcane produc
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Chapter 2 Harvested area (million h
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Chapter 2 million hectares 8 7 6 5
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Chapter 2 Table 5. Global significa
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Chapter 2 (FAOSTAT, 2008). �e lan
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Chapter 2 indicating that sugarcane
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Chapter 2 and vinasse produced duri
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Chapter 2 • • • • Harvested
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Chapter 2 2.2. AEZ assessment of la
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Chapter 2 The quantified descriptio
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Chapter 2 Table 8 summarizes by reg
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Chapter 2 Table 9. Suitability of u
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Chapter 2 Table 10. Suitability of
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Chapter 2 of bio-diversity and land
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Chapter 2 FAO, 1987. 1948-1985 Worl
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Chapter 2 Smeets, E., M. Junginger,
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Chapter 3 Considering that this deb
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Chapter 3 1,000 ha 9,000 8,000 7,00
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Chapter 3 Another source of data on
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Chapter 3 Figure 3. Different land
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Chapter 3 1-Pastureand crops expans
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Chapter 3 Given that the model is u
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Chapter 3 to the case studies; (d)
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Chapter 3 Mato Grosso do Sul in 200
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Chapter 3 the Pasture class increas
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Chapter 3 Table 5. Number of sugarc
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Chapter 3 of 12.6% from 2001 to 200
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Chapter 3 Table 6. South-Centre: ex
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Chapter 3 4.5. Options for approach
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Chapter 3 states that have lost pas
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Chapter 3 It is important to contex
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Chapter 4 Mitigation of GHG emissio
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Table 1. Basic data: sugarcane prod
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Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
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GHG emission (kg CO 2 eq/m 3 etOH)
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Table 7. Soil carbon content for di
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5. Conclusions Mitigation of GHG em
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Chapter 5 Oil reserves - Gasoline/d
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Chapter 5 in research and developme
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Chapter 5 Table 3. Summary of main
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Chapter 5 3. Environmental indicato
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Chapter 5 Table 4. Carbon stock in
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Chapter 5 3.2. Water Total carbon i
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Chapter 5 3.3. Soil and fertilizers
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Chapter 5 3.4. Management of diseas
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Chapter 5 Table 10. Sugarcane and v
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Chapter 5 in the implementation of
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Chapter 5 Table 11. Continued. Crit
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Chapter 5 Brazilian Government. Lei
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Chapter 5 São Paulo State Governme
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Chapter 6 2. Development of the eth
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Chapter 6 blends by car manufacture
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Chapter 6 Brazil have been roughly
Page 142 and 143: Chapter 6 Overall there are few di
Page 144 and 145: Chapter 6 3.2.1. The impact of exis
Page 146 and 147: Chapter 6 �e use of ethanol in he
Page 148 and 149: Chapter 6 cropping systems that pro
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 6 certainty, the supply of
Page 152 and 153: Chapter 6 De Vries, B.J.M., D.P. va
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 7 Biofuel conversion techno
Page 157 and 158: Biofuel conversion technologies �
Page 159 and 160: Biofuel conversion technologies In
Page 161 and 162: Biofuel conversion technologies the
Page 163 and 164: Biofuel conversion technologies Imp
Page 165 and 166: Biofuel conversion technologies Pro
Page 167 and 168: Investment costs (Euro/kWth input c
Page 169 and 170: 4.2. Greenhouse gas balances Biofue
Page 171 and 172: Reduction in CO equivalent emission
Page 173 and 174: Biofuel conversion technologies �
Page 175 and 176: Biofuel conversion technologies pot
Page 177 and 178: Chapter 8 The global impacts of US
Page 179 and 180: The global impacts of US and EU bio
Page 187 and 188: Table 1. Change in output due to EU
Page 191: Forest cover Pasture cover USEU 201
Page 196 and 197: Chapter 9 also risks and serious tr
Page 198 and 199: Chapter 9 Box 2. Bioethanol stoves
Page 200 and 201: Chapter 9 �e highest impact on po
Page 202 and 203: Chapter 9 the increased generation
Page 204 and 205: Chapter 9 o�ers to support the MD
Page 206 and 207: Chapter 9 Price variation (%) 14 12
Page 208 and 209: Chapter 9 Dufey et al., 2007a). Leg
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 9 manufactured directly fro
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 9 in mechanical aid for the
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 9 Table 1. Import tariffs o
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 9 3.8. Improving efficiency
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 9 some minimum transport in
Page 220 and 221: Chapter 9 IEA, 2004. Biofuels for T
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 10 Why are current food pri
Page 225 and 226: Why are current food prices so high
Page 227 and 228: 2.4 Long-term drivers of supply Why
Page 229 and 230: 3.1. Effects on the supply side Why
Page 231 and 232: 3.3 Policy responses to rising food
Page 233 and 234: 3.4. Other effects • Why are curr
Page 235 and 236: - - - - Why are current food prices
Page 237 and 238: 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5. The fut
Page 239 and 240: • • • Why are current food pr
Page 241 and 242: 6.1. Policy implications Why are cu
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Why are current food prices so high
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Authors Dr. Marcos Adami, senior re
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Keyword index A Africa 204, 205, 20
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M maize 20, 83, 104, 173, 184, 187,
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