Sugarcane ethanol: Contributions to climate change - BAFF

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Authors Dr. Andre Meloni Nassar is director-general ICONE - Instituto de Estudos do Comércio e Negociações, São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Dr. Peter Nowocki, senior researcher at the Agricultural Economics Research Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, �e Hague, the Netherlands. Dr. Bernardo F.T. Rudor� is senior research at INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Jose dos Campos (SP), Brazil. Dr. Joaquim E.A. Seabra, professor at FEM - Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil. Dr. Alfred Szwarc, consultant at ADS - Technology and Sustainable Development, São Paulo, Brazil. Rudy Tarasantchi, Msc is graduate student at the University of São Paulo, ESALQ - Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil. Dr. Edmar Teixeira joined the Land Use Change and Agriculture Program of IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, in April 2007 as a Postdoctoral Research Scholar, Laxenburg, Austria. Dr. Wallace E. Tyner, professor at the Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette (IN), USA. Dr. Jos van de Vooren is manager of the Latin America O�ce Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands, located at University of São Paulo, ESALQ - Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil. Dr. Hans van Meijl, senior researcher at the Agricultural Economics Research Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, �e Hague, the Netherlands. Dr. Harrij van Velthuizen is a land resources ecologist and specialist in agro-ecological zoning. Since 1995 he has been engaged with the activities of the Land Use Change and Agriculture Program (LUC) of IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.. Dr. Arnaldo Walter, professor at UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (SP), Brazil. Dr. Peter Zuurbier is director of the Latin America O�ce of Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands. He is also professor at the University of São Paulo, ESALQ - Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil and at Wageningen University. 252 Sugarcane ethanol
Keyword index A Africa 204, 205, 209, 211 Amazon 41, 42, 51, 64 – biome 73, 86, 88, 92 – ecosystem 73 – rainforest 42, 58 Asia 23, 29, 52, 59, 148, 160, 192, 200, 203, 205, 209, 210, 234 Australia 233 B bagasse 22, 23, 58, 95, 100, 141, 154, 173, 205 biodiversity 19, 24, 41, 42, 52, 57, 58, 129, 132, 154, 161, 163, 178, 210, 211, 221, 222, 242 bioenergy 26, 54, 142, 151, 163, 178 bioethanol 215, 216, 217 biomass 19, 21, 22, 24, 47, 88, 91, 95, 109, 113, 120, 121, 135, 139, 142, 150, 151, 154, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 177 biotechnology 58 Brazil 20, 22, 23, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 56, 63, 65, 67, 73, 84, 91, 103, 108, 113, 117, 124, 129, 139, 140, 144, 148, 174, 181, 182, 190, 200, 203, 205, 208, 210, 211, 214, 234, 241 C carbon – capture 177, 178 – debts 52 – stocks 102, 104, 106, 121 Caribbean 23, 29, 30, 144, 148, 200, 204, 205 castor oil 215 cattle 63, 71, 84, 90, 108, 110, 211 Central America 35, 144 Cerrado 42, 46, 56, 63, 73, 84, 88, 103, 123, 211 – biome 65 – ecosystem 52 – region 57 China 21, 23, 29, 36, 139, 166, 169, 175, 205 citrus 83 climate change 19, 34, 145, 153, 200 – mitigation 19, 221 Colombia 140 consumption – energy 19 – fuel 20 criteria 25, 132, 146, 155, 163 criticism 12 Cuba 30 D deforestation 41, 42, 52, 58, 63, 64, 81, 88, 92 developing countries 25, 26, 31, 47, 52, 134, 152, 200, 206, 216, 219, 245 E emission – acetaldehyde 206 – carbon monoxide 206 – CO2 19, 96 – hydrocarbons 206 – life-cycle 174 – N2O 173 – noxious 142 – polluting 24 energy 19, 20, 24, 47, 54, 96, 109, 113, 132, 135, 140, 145, 151, 153, 155, 161, 162, 164, 172, 176, 182, 187, 196 – security 23, 24, 31, 113, 139, 145, 200, 217 Sugarcane ethanol 253
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Sugarcane ethanol Contributions to
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Table of contents Foreword 11 José
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Chapter 8 �e global impacts of US
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Foreword �e use of biofuels as a
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Executive summary Do biofuels help
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Executive summary 12. Projections o
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Chapter 1 Introduction to sugarcane
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol A
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol C
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol F
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Introduction to sugarcane ethanol H
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Chapter 2 Production (million tons)
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Chapter 2 Table 2. Sugarcane produc
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Chapter 2 Harvested area (million h
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Chapter 2 million hectares 8 7 6 5
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Chapter 2 Table 5. Global significa
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Chapter 2 (FAOSTAT, 2008). �e lan
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Chapter 2 indicating that sugarcane
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Chapter 2 and vinasse produced duri
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Chapter 2 • • • • Harvested
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Chapter 2 2.2. AEZ assessment of la
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Chapter 2 The quantified descriptio
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Chapter 2 Table 8 summarizes by reg
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Chapter 2 Table 9. Suitability of u
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Chapter 2 Table 10. Suitability of
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Chapter 2 of bio-diversity and land
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Chapter 2 FAO, 1987. 1948-1985 Worl
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Chapter 2 Smeets, E., M. Junginger,
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Chapter 3 Considering that this deb
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Chapter 3 1,000 ha 9,000 8,000 7,00
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Chapter 3 Another source of data on
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Chapter 3 Figure 3. Different land
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Chapter 3 1-Pastureand crops expans
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Chapter 3 Given that the model is u
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Chapter 3 to the case studies; (d)
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Chapter 3 Mato Grosso do Sul in 200
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Chapter 3 the Pasture class increas
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Chapter 3 Table 5. Number of sugarc
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Chapter 3 of 12.6% from 2001 to 200
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Chapter 3 Table 6. South-Centre: ex
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Chapter 3 4.5. Options for approach
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Chapter 3 states that have lost pas
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Chapter 3 It is important to contex
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Chapter 4 Mitigation of GHG emissio
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Table 1. Basic data: sugarcane prod
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Mitigation of GHG emissions using s
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GHG emission (kg CO 2 eq/m 3 etOH)
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Table 7. Soil carbon content for di
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5. Conclusions Mitigation of GHG em
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Chapter 5 Oil reserves - Gasoline/d
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Chapter 5 in research and developme
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Chapter 5 Table 3. Summary of main
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Chapter 5 3. Environmental indicato
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Chapter 5 Table 4. Carbon stock in
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Chapter 5 3.2. Water Total carbon i
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Chapter 5 3.3. Soil and fertilizers
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Chapter 5 3.4. Management of diseas
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Chapter 5 Table 10. Sugarcane and v
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Chapter 5 in the implementation of
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Chapter 5 Table 11. Continued. Crit
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Chapter 5 Brazilian Government. Lei
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Chapter 5 São Paulo State Governme
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Chapter 6 2. Development of the eth
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Chapter 6 blends by car manufacture
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Chapter 6 Brazil have been roughly
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Chapter 6 Overall there are few di
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Chapter 6 3.2.1. The impact of exis
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Chapter 6 �e use of ethanol in he
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Chapter 6 cropping systems that pro
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Chapter 6 certainty, the supply of
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Chapter 6 De Vries, B.J.M., D.P. va
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Chapter 7 Biofuel conversion techno
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies In
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Biofuel conversion technologies the
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Biofuel conversion technologies Imp
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Biofuel conversion technologies Pro
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Investment costs (Euro/kWth input c
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4.2. Greenhouse gas balances Biofue
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Reduction in CO equivalent emission
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Biofuel conversion technologies �
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Biofuel conversion technologies pot
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Chapter 8 The global impacts of US
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The global impacts of US and EU bio
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Table 1. Change in output due to EU
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Forest cover Pasture cover USEU 201
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Chapter 9 also risks and serious tr
Page 198 and 199: Chapter 9 Box 2. Bioethanol stoves
Page 200 and 201: Chapter 9 �e highest impact on po
Page 202 and 203: Chapter 9 the increased generation
Page 204 and 205: Chapter 9 o�ers to support the MD
Page 206 and 207: Chapter 9 Price variation (%) 14 12
Page 208 and 209: Chapter 9 Dufey et al., 2007a). Leg
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 9 manufactured directly fro
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 9 in mechanical aid for the
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 9 Table 1. Import tariffs o
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 9 3.8. Improving efficiency
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 9 some minimum transport in
Page 220 and 221: Chapter 9 IEA, 2004. Biofuels for T
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 10 Why are current food pri
Page 225 and 226: Why are current food prices so high
Page 227 and 228: 2.4 Long-term drivers of supply Why
Page 229 and 230: 3.1. Effects on the supply side Why
Page 231 and 232: 3.3 Policy responses to rising food
Page 233 and 234: 3.4. Other effects • Why are curr
Page 235 and 236: - - - - Why are current food prices
Page 237 and 238: 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 5. The fut
Page 239 and 240: • • • Why are current food pr
Page 241 and 242: 6.1. Policy implications Why are cu
Page 243: Why are current food prices so high
Page 247: Authors Dr. Marcos Adami, senior re
Page 251: M maize 20, 83, 104, 173, 184, 187,
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