14. Chou, Y. C., Geometric reasoning for layout design of machining fixtures, Int. J. of Computer Integrated <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing, Vol. 7, No. 3, 175–185, 1994. 15. Asada, H. and By, A. B., Kinematic analysis and design for automatic workpart fixturing in flexible assembly. Proc. of the 2nd Int’l. Symp. of Robotics Research, Kyoto, Japan, 50–56, 1984. 16. Shirinzadeh, B., A flexible automatic fixturing system. Third National Conference on Robotics, 317–328, Melbourne, Australia, June 1990. 17. Bausch, J. J. and Youcef-Toumi, K., Kinematic methods for automated fixture reconfiguration planning. Proc. of IEEE Robotics and Automation Conference, Cincinatti, Ohio, May 1990. 18. Gandhi, M. V. and Thompson, B. S., Phase-change fixturing for FMS. <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing <strong>Engineering</strong> Systems, Vol. 93, No. 6, 79–80, 1984. 19. Abou-Hanna, J. and Okamura, K., Finite element approach to modelling particulate bed fixtures. Journal of <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Systems, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1–12, 1992. 20. Trappey, J. C. and Liu, C. R., A literature survey of fixture-design automation. International Journal of Advanced <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Technology, Vol. 5, 240–255, 1990. 21. Shirinzadeh, B., Issues in the design of the reconfigurable fixture modules for robotic assembly. Journal of <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Systems, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1–14, 1993. 22. Bausch, J. J. and Youcef-Toumi, K., Automated reconfiguration planning for sheet metal fixturing systems. Proc. of Japan-USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, Kyoto, Japan, July 1990. 23. Chan, K. C., Benhabib, B., and Dai, M. Q., A reconfigurable fixturing system for robotic assembly. Journal of <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Systems, Vol. 9, No. 3, 206–221, 1990. 24. Shirinzadeh, B., A CAD-based design and analysis system for reconfigurable fixtures in robotic assembly. Computing & Control <strong>Engineering</strong> Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, 41–46, 1994. 25. Nnaji, B. O. and Lyu, P., Rules for an expert fixturing system on a CAD screen using flexible fixtures. Journal of Intelligent <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing, Vol. 1, 31–48, 1990. 26. Trappey, A. J. C. and Matrubhutam, S., Fixture configuration using projective geometry. Journal of <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Systems, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 486–495, 1993. 27. Foley, J. D. and Dam, S. K., Computer Graphics, Principles and Practice. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1989. 28. Trappey, A. J. C. and Liu, C. R., An automatic workholding verification system. Journal of Robotics & Computer-Integrated <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing, Vol. 9, No. 4/5, 321–326, 1992. 29. Ohwovoriole, M. S. and Roth, B., An extension of screw theory. Journal of Mechanical <strong>Design</strong>, Vol. 103, 725–734, 1981. 30. Fanghella, P., Galleti, C., and Giannotti, E., Computer-aided modelling and simulation of mechanics and manipulators, Computer-Aided <strong>Design</strong>, Vol. 21, No. 9, pp. 577–583, 1989. 31. Shiller, Z. and Dubowsky, S., Robot path planning with obstacles, actuators, grippers, and payload. The International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 8, No. 6, 3–18, 1989. 32. Owens, J., Robot simulation—seeing the whole picture. Industrial Robot, Vol. 18, No. 4, 10–12, 1991. 33. Thangaraj, A. R. and Doelfs, M., Reduce downtime with off-line programming. Robotics Today, Society of <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Engineers, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1–3, 1991. 34. Steiner, K. V., Keefe, M., and Wolff, A., Interactive graphics simulation with multi-level collision algorithm. Journal of <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Systems, Vol 11, No. 6, 462–469, 1992. 35. Sorenti, P., GRASP for simulation and off-line programming of robots in industrial applications. Proc. of Welding <strong>Engineering</strong> Software, DVS 156, 55–58, Essex, 1993. 36. Beaumont, R. G. and Crowder, R. M., Real-time collision avoidance in two-armed robotic systems. Computer-Aided <strong>Engineering</strong> Journal, Vol. 8, 233–240, December 1991. 37. Shirinzadeh, B., A CAD-based hierarchical approach to interference detection among fixture modules in a reconfigurable fixturing system. Journal of Robotics & Computer-Integrated <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing, Vol. 12, No. 1, 41–53, 1996. 38. Brost, R. C., and Goldberg, K. Y., A complete algorithm for designing planar fixtures using modular components. IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 12, No. 1, 31–46, 1996. © 2001 by CRC Press LLC
Heui Jae Pahk Seoul National University 4.1 Introduction 4 Integrated Precision Inspection System for <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing Based on CAD/CAM/CAI Environment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Geometric Features and Tolerances for Inspection Features and Tolerances Defined by ISO • Sculptured Surfaces: Mathematical Description 4.3 Measurement Points S<strong>amp</strong>ling and Path Planning Measurement Points S<strong>amp</strong>ling and Path Plan for Sculptured Surfaces • Measurement Points S<strong>amp</strong>ling and Path Plan for Basic Features 4.4 Alignment of Coordinate Systems, DMIS Code Generation, and Measurement Operation Rough Phase Alignment Procedure • Fine Alignment Procedure Based on Iterative Least Squares Technique • CNC Code in DMIS Format 4.5 Error Evaluation ISO Profile Tolerance • Determination of Actual Measurement Points Considering Probe Radius • Profile Tolerance (Form Error) Evaluation • Error Evaluation for Basic Features 4.6 Practical Application to Real Products and Discussion A Mold Having a Bicubic B-Spline Surface with Some Basic Features • A Turbine Blade Having Very Thin Features 4.7 Conluding Remarks The development of CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) technologies has had a revolutionary effect on the manufacturing industry in that it has pursued optimization in the design and manufacturing of products. The computer-aided inspection (CAI) technique has emerged after the computer controlled coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) have been widely introduced. In this chapter, an integrated precision inspection system for manufacturing parts having CAD-defined features is demonstrated. The techniques of precision measurement are demonstrated around CAD/CAI
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COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, ENGINEERING,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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Editor Cornelius T. Leondes, B.S.,
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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapt
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the implementation of the IPD syste
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In our IPD system implementations,
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2. Specification of analysis-specif
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FIGURE 1.2 base or the design insta
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FIGURE 1.4 System architecture of t
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of a beam is considered for FEA. Th
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FIGURE 1.7 through the control expe
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2. machining facility (e.g., gang m
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from the FBDS. The user also specif
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Depending on the type of feature to
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TABLE 1.6 Tolerance synthesis is de
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FIGURE 1.12 Display of the NC tool
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component geometric entities and va
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FIGURE 1.14 The system architecture
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TABLE 1.10 User Input for the Toler
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TABLE 1.11 Tolerance Specifications
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7. Z. Young and I. R. Groose. A rul
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FIGURE 2.1 Tool paths generated for
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FIGURE 2.2 sented by instances of f
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TABLE 2.1 A CAD-Generated Hole Conf
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FIGURE 2.6 mounted on the rotary ta
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FIGURE 2.8 fixture for the machinin
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FIGURE 2.10 or best-fit, or the cur
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FIGURE 2.11 Linear approximation of
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FIGURE 5.16 Classification of the t
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system to ensure that the part bein
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FIGURE 5.19 Graphical model of the
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TABLE 5.4 Data Structure for Repres
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FIGURE 5.20 Mapping between machini
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algorithms. (Some details of the pr
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FIGURE 5.24 An example rotational p
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FIGURE 5.26 Down_face-turn-up_face
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FIGURE 5.27 Procedure for machine t
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FIGURE 5.28 Determining the number
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DL is needed to be set only if the
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FIGURE 5.31 Operation sequencing co
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Cutting Tool Selection Selection of
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1. A tool is searched for in the da
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FIGURE 5.32 Inputs to optimization
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When these values are substituted,
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Usually, maximum and minimum speed
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FIGURE 5.33 Solution methodology.
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TABLE 5.6 Process Plan Internal Rep
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In a strict theoretical perspective
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18. Domazet, D. S. and Lu, S. C. Y,
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63. Prasad, A. V. S. R. K., Rao, P.
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CAD systems. The sample consists of
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learn to master the new system. An
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Although researchers appear to agre
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Link and Zmud28 found that organic
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Informal Training Informal CAD trai
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informal training programs, felt th
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6. C. A. Beatty, Tall Tales and Rea
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A.Y.C. Nee National University of S
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FIGURE 7.1 Planning, design, and ma
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A metal stamping can have the follo
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FIGURE 7.3 Strips used to notch out
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A Skeletal Approach for the Recogni
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These findings can be used to devel
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Semi-Direct Piloting In cases where
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a larger value, the die operations
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FIGURE 7.9 Symbolic relationship be
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FIGURE 7.11 The shape of the envelo
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TABLE 7.1 Schema for the Generation
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strong reasons to support a move to
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FIGURE 7.16 3-D CAD model of a part
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References Cheok, B.T. et al. (1994
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include the once forbidden generati
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A temporal matrix (T-Matrix) is pro
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FIGURE 8.1 A basic process. (From R
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FIGURE 8.4(a) Generate a new IG usi
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Note if the pair of nodes are both
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TABLE 8.1 Summary of the Rules Cond
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The correctness of these rules is e
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needs to show that after each full
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ule is violated, a warning should b
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Π1 Π3 Π4 FIGURE 8.8(a) After add
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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A ik � ‘U’ and is in a cycle
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FIGURE 8.12(a) Add [p2 t7 p7 t8 p4]
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FIGURE 8.12(c) Add a token to p8 vi
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FIGURE 8.12(e) Add [p8 t9 p14 t10 p
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FIGURE 8.13 An example of rule TT.0
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FIGURE 8.14 A GPN model of a machin
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FIGURE 8.15(b) The first exclusive
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FIGURE 8.15(d) The last exclusive T
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FIGURE 8.15(f) After entering the a
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FIGURE 8.15(h) Completion of Compon
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FIGURE 8.15(j) Two PP-generations:
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FIGURE 8.15(l) The last exclusive T
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t1 t5 p1 p5 t6 (a) t2 t3 t4 2 2 p2
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FIGURE 8.17 An example of partial f
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Theorem 10: If pi → pk in a synth
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Note that control transitions are o
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t j than the lower at , it indicate
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• Programming logic and VLSI arra
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7. Chao, D. Y. and D. T. Wang, Appl
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53. Villaroel, J. L., J. Martinez,
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q u : the numerator of the least ra
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geometric modeling, engineering ana
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In dimension driven or parametric d
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FIGURE 9.3 configuration of bodies
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FIGURE 9.6 FIGURE 9.7 Geometric Int
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FIGURE 9.8 Intersection of degrees
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will introduce a way to propagate p
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Completeness of Dimensions Complete
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FIGURE 9.12 3-D constraints. © 200
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The distance constraint from pt �
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therefore: Now merge the lists and
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Quantity analysis methods have the
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y a revolute joint. By selecting al