ComputerAided_Design_Engineering_amp_Manufactur.pdf

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FIGURE 5.35 Process plan external representation (PPER). plan with all details of cutting time and handling time estimates is used by the production planning department. Graphical Simulation Graphical support in any application enhances the system-user interaction due to its transparent form of communication. Graphical support during the report generation in CAPP systems is mainly concerned with the animation of the manufacturing processes on the raw material. This gives the process planner a chance to visualize the sequence of machining operations from start to finish. During simulation of the tool movements in machining, the collisions between workpiece, clamping devices, and tools can also be visualized on the screen. This leads to the proving of the machining plan. Pictorial Process Plans It is also possible to get pictorial process plans which reveal the status of the component (or machining) after each setup (or even operation). These intermediate process documents combine drawing and text to illustrate the part in various stages of manufacture. This can be considered an extension to graphical simulation. These plans graphically show fixtures, tooling, clamping, setups, etc. and facilitate better understanding of the process plans. NC Programs NC code can also be treated as one type of PPER as these are CAM instructions usually written based on the process plan. Generation of CL data, which in turn will be postprocessed to NC code depending upon the machine tool controller, can also be attempted.
In a strict theoretical perspective, a report generation module in a CAPP system should be capable of providing the process plans in one or all of the above formats. This becomes possible only when the basic process plan information is represented in a structured format. In this context, the role of PPIR and Report-GIFTS in the proposed system can be appreciated. It is to be noted that PPIR alone cannot provide all the details that should appear on the process planning sheets. This is because some fields in PPIR are pointed to other models of GIFTS. These pointers, adopted from the concept of relational data base managements systems (RDBMS), can be thought of as the mechanisms providing meaningful relationships among models. For example, using the machine code and tool code (which are stored in PPIR) as the pointers, the machine tool and cutting tool details can be obtained from the data bases (MRIR). Similarly, the part name, drawing number, batch size, etc. are available as global data in PDIR. In the current implementation of the system, several macros are developed in Report-GIFTS for automatic translation of PPIR details to predetermined textual formats. Once translated, these are stored in a text file. This file consists of the process planning details (description of setup, machine, and operations, tools to be used, and the process parameters) in a comprehensible form. This file can be retrieved into any word processor for editing the plan if desired and to take the printout of the process plan. Graphical simulation of the plans is also attempted by representing the tool shapes symbolically, the details of which can be found in the next chapter. The process (PPER) generated by Report-GIFTS for the example part shown in Figure 5.18 is given in Table 5.7. TABLE 5.7 Process Plan for the Part in Figure 5.18—PPER in Textual Format A. B. C. Ltd. Process plan for the part EX_GIFTS QTY:1 No. Machine/Setup/Operation Tool Speed (m/min) Feed (mmpr) Doc (mm) NOP Time (min) 1 4-A-23 reverse and hold in chuck Face TT49 198.00 0.16 6.50 1 0.790 Rough turn dia 100.00 to 64.00 over a length of 75.00 TT49 170.79 0.21 6.00 3 3.700 Rough turn dia 64.00 to 60.00 over a length of 73.00 TT49 258.52 0.52 2.00 1 0.610 Rough turn dia 60.00 to 45.00 over a length of 35.00 TT49 161.98 0.17 7.50 1 0.740 Chamfer dia 45.00 161.98 0.17 2.00 1 0.010 Chamfer dia 60.00 161.98 0.17 2.00 1 0.010 Cut groove of width 3 mm GR19 121.49 0.04 3.00 1 0.070 Make fillet FIR2 121.49 0.02 2.00 1 0.190 Knurl dia 45.00 KNS1 121.49 0.03 1.00 1 1.020 2 4-A-23 reverse and hold in chuck Face to length TT49 162.00 0.21 6.50 1 0.760 Rough turn dia 100.00 to 91.00 over a length of 112.00 TT49 161.32 0.33 4.50 1 1.150 Rough turn dia 91.00 to 45.00 over a length of 76.00 TT49 162.63 0.24 5.75 4 4.300 Rough turn dia 45.00 to 43.00 over a length of 74.50 TT49 211.86 0.52 1.00 1 0.600 Rough turn dia 43.00 to 36.00 over a length of 45.00 TT49 187.13 0.38 3.50 1 0.580 Finish turn dia 91.00 to 90.00 over a length of 36.00 TT47 429.18 0.35 0.50 1 0.580 Finish turn dia 43.00 to 42.00 over a length of 29.50 TT47 202.43 0.24 0.50 1 0.580 Chamfer dia 90.00 202.43 0.24 2.00 1 0.010 Chamfer dia 42.00 202.43 0.24 2.00 1 0.010 Chamfer dia 36.00 202.43 0.24 2.00 1 0.010 Cut groove of width 3 mm GR19 101.21 0.12 3.00 1 0.020 Make fillet FIR1.5 151.82 0.05 1.50 1 0.030 Thread dia 36.00 TH84 40.72 2.50 0.48 10 1.000 TH84: R166N-3232M-310 (Sandvik code); TT49: PDJNR2525M15 (insert: DNMG150608); GR19: Form grooving tool; TT47: PDJNR2525M15 (insert: DNMG150612); KNS1: Straight knurling tool with pitch 1 mm; FIR1.5: Filleting tool with radius 1.5 mm; FIR2: Filleting tool with radius 2 mm.
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COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, ENGINEERING,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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Editor Cornelius T. Leondes, B.S.,
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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapt
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the implementation of the IPD syste
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In our IPD system implementations,
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2. Specification of analysis-specif
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FIGURE 1.2 base or the design insta
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FIGURE 1.4 System architecture of t
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of a beam is considered for FEA. Th
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FIGURE 1.7 through the control expe
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2. machining facility (e.g., gang m
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from the FBDS. The user also specif
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Depending on the type of feature to
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TABLE 1.6 Tolerance synthesis is de
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FIGURE 1.12 Display of the NC tool
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component geometric entities and va
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FIGURE 1.14 The system architecture
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TABLE 1.10 User Input for the Toler
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TABLE 1.11 Tolerance Specifications
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7. Z. Young and I. R. Groose. A rul
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FIGURE 2.1 Tool paths generated for
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FIGURE 2.2 sented by instances of f
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TABLE 2.1 A CAD-Generated Hole Conf
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FIGURE 2.6 mounted on the rotary ta
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FIGURE 2.8 fixture for the machinin
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FIGURE 2.10 or best-fit, or the cur
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FIGURE 2.11 Linear approximation of
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FIGURE 2.13 Circular approximation
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FIGURE 2.14(b) Circular approximati
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FIGURE 2.16 Types of biarcs. FIGURE
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FIGURE 2.18 Approximation of scanne
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FIGURE 2.20 A touch trigger probe c
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TABLE 2.4 Substitute Elements in CM
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FIGURE 2.21 CMM planning requiremen
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Product Model Representation for Co
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© 2001 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 2.5
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TABLE 2.7 Partial Listing of Dimens
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24. Makinouchi, S., Okamoto, M., an
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Bijan Shirinzadeh Monash University
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FIGURE 3.1 Trends in flexible manuf
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FIGURE 3.3 and constrain different
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Other Fixturing Techniques There ar
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FIGURE 3.6 contact point. The geome
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FIGURE 3.8 The vertical support fix
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and moments about the contact point
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een identified, the normals are use
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one of choosing the variables: such
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Fixture Module Location An importan
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FIGURE 3.15 Illustration of functio
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FIGURE 3.18 Minimum separation test
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direction) the face, respectively.
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FIGURE 3.21 Software structure for
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3.8 Conclusion A reconfigurable fix
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Heui Jae Pahk Seoul National Univer
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FIGURE 4.1(b) Conceptual framework
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4.3 Measurement Points Sampling and
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Surface S2 Measurement Path FIGURE
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FIGURE 4.4 Rough phase alignment ba
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deviation between the nominal CAD d
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FIGURE 4.6(a) Sum of squares distan
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FIGURE 4.7(c) Trailing edge. (c) th
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FIGURE 4.8(a) Profile tolerance of
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The calculated minimum form error i
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FIGURE 4.11(a) A typical mold havin
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FIGURE 4.11(d) Inspection results f
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FIGURE 4.12(c) Maximum deviation (p
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5.1 Introduction Developments in th
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process plan for a part (Figure 5.3
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FIGURE 5.5 leading to the developme
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the previously stored process plan
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FIGURE 5.7 Techniques of defining a
Page 145 and 146: Feature Recognition and Extraction
Page 147 and 148: in relation to another feature (e.g
Page 149 and 150: FIGURE 5.9 Framework for building a
Page 151 and 152: FIGURE 5.10 Process plan content.
Page 153 and 154: FIGURE 5.12 Schematic sketch of the
Page 155 and 156: Several techniques of defining a fe
Page 157 and 158: TABLE 5.1 Data Structure for Repres
Page 159 and 160: FIGURE 5.16 Classification of the t
Page 161 and 162: system to ensure that the part bein
Page 163 and 164: FIGURE 5.19 Graphical model of the
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 5.4 Data Structure for Repres
Page 167 and 168: FIGURE 5.20 Mapping between machini
Page 169 and 170: algorithms. (Some details of the pr
Page 171 and 172: FIGURE 5.24 An example rotational p
Page 173 and 174: FIGURE 5.26 Down_face-turn-up_face
Page 175 and 176: FIGURE 5.27 Procedure for machine t
Page 177 and 178: FIGURE 5.28 Determining the number
Page 179 and 180: DL is needed to be set only if the
Page 181 and 182: FIGURE 5.31 Operation sequencing co
Page 183 and 184: Cutting Tool Selection Selection of
Page 185 and 186: 1. A tool is searched for in the da
Page 187 and 188: FIGURE 5.32 Inputs to optimization
Page 189 and 190: When these values are substituted,
Page 191 and 192: Usually, maximum and minimum speed
Page 193 and 194: FIGURE 5.33 Solution methodology.
Page 195: TABLE 5.6 Process Plan Internal Rep
Page 199 and 200: 18. Domazet, D. S. and Lu, S. C. Y,
Page 201 and 202: 63. Prasad, A. V. S. R. K., Rao, P.
Page 203 and 204: CAD systems. The sample consists of
Page 205 and 206: learn to master the new system. An
Page 207 and 208: Although researchers appear to agre
Page 209 and 210: Link and Zmud28 found that organic
Page 211 and 212: Informal Training Informal CAD trai
Page 213 and 214: informal training programs, felt th
Page 215 and 216: 6. C. A. Beatty, Tall Tales and Rea
Page 217 and 218: A.Y.C. Nee National University of S
Page 219 and 220: FIGURE 7.1 Planning, design, and ma
Page 221 and 222: A metal stamping can have the follo
Page 223 and 224: FIGURE 7.3 Strips used to notch out
Page 225 and 226: A Skeletal Approach for the Recogni
Page 227 and 228: These findings can be used to devel
Page 229 and 230: Semi-Direct Piloting In cases where
Page 231 and 232: a larger value, the die operations
Page 233 and 234: FIGURE 7.9 Symbolic relationship be
Page 235 and 236: FIGURE 7.11 The shape of the envelo
Page 237 and 238: TABLE 7.1 Schema for the Generation
Page 239 and 240: strong reasons to support a move to
Page 241 and 242: FIGURE 7.16 3-D CAD model of a part
Page 243 and 244: References Cheok, B.T. et al. (1994
Page 245 and 246: include the once forbidden generati
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A temporal matrix (T-Matrix) is pro
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FIGURE 8.1 A basic process. (From R
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FIGURE 8.4(a) Generate a new IG usi
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Note if the pair of nodes are both
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TABLE 8.1 Summary of the Rules Cond
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The correctness of these rules is e
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needs to show that after each full
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ule is violated, a warning should b
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Π1 Π3 Π4 FIGURE 8.8(a) After add
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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A ik � ‘U’ and is in a cycle
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FIGURE 8.12(a) Add [p2 t7 p7 t8 p4]
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FIGURE 8.12(c) Add a token to p8 vi
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FIGURE 8.12(e) Add [p8 t9 p14 t10 p
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FIGURE 8.13 An example of rule TT.0
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FIGURE 8.14 A GPN model of a machin
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FIGURE 8.15(b) The first exclusive
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FIGURE 8.15(d) The last exclusive T
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FIGURE 8.15(f) After entering the a
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FIGURE 8.15(h) Completion of Compon
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FIGURE 8.15(j) Two PP-generations:
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FIGURE 8.15(l) The last exclusive T
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t1 t5 p1 p5 t6 (a) t2 t3 t4 2 2 p2
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FIGURE 8.17 An example of partial f
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Theorem 10: If pi → pk in a synth
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Note that control transitions are o
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t j than the lower at , it indicate
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• Programming logic and VLSI arra
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7. Chao, D. Y. and D. T. Wang, Appl
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53. Villaroel, J. L., J. Martinez,
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q u : the numerator of the least ra
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geometric modeling, engineering ana
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In dimension driven or parametric d
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FIGURE 9.3 configuration of bodies
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FIGURE 9.6 FIGURE 9.7 Geometric Int
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FIGURE 9.8 Intersection of degrees
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will introduce a way to propagate p
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Completeness of Dimensions Complete
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FIGURE 9.12 3-D constraints. © 200
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The distance constraint from pt �
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therefore: Now merge the lists and
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Quantity analysis methods have the
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y a revolute joint. By selecting al
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