29. Jeng, M. D. and F. DiCesare, A modular synthesis technique for Petri nets, Proc. 1992 Japan-USA Symp. on Flexible Automation, pp. 1163–1170. 30. Johnsonbaugh, R. and T. Murata, Additional method for reduction and expansion of markedgraphs, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., CAS-28, No. 10, October 1981, pp. 1009–1014. 31. Koh, I. and F. DiCesare, Transformation methods for generalized Petri nets and their applications in flexible manufacturing systems, IEEE Trans Syst., Man, Cybern., SMC-21, No. 6, 1991, pp. 963–973. 32. Krogh, B. H. and C. I. Beck, Synthesis of place/transition nets for simulation and control of manufacturing systems, Proc. 4th IFAC/IFORS Symp. Large Scale System, Zurich, 1986. 33. Kwong, Y. S., On reduction of asynchronous systems. Theorit. Comput. Sci., Vol. 5, 1977, pp. 25–50. 34. Chao, D. Y., Petri net synthesis and sychronization using knitting technique, Journal of Information Science and <strong>Engineering</strong>, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1999, pp. 543–568. 35. Molloy, M. K., On the integration of delay and throughput measures in distributed processing models, Ph.D Thesis, Computer Science Dept., UCLA, Los Angeles, 1981. 36. Murata, T. and J. Y. Koh, Reduction and expansion of live and safe marked-graphs, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., CAS-27, January 1980, pp. 68–70. 37. Murata, T. et al., A Petri net based controller for flexible and maintainable sequence control and its applications in factory automation, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, IE-33, 1986, pp. 1–8. 38. Murata, T., Petri nets: properties, analysis and application, IEEE Proceedings, Vol. 77, No. 4, April 1989, pp. 541–580. 39. Murata, T., Modeling and analysis of concurrent systems, in Handbook of Software <strong>Engineering</strong>, C. Vick, and C. V. Ramamoorthy, (eds.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984, pp. 39–63. 40. Murata, T., Circuit theoretic analysis and synthesis of marked graphs, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., CAS-24, No. 7, 1977, pp. 400–405. 41. Murata, T., Synthesis of decision-free concurrent systems for prescribed resources and performance, IEEE Trans. Software <strong>Engineering</strong>, SE-6, No. 6, 1977, pp. 400–405. 42. Narahari, Y. and N. Viswanadham, A Petri net approach to the modeling and analysis of flexible manufacturing systems, Annals of Operations Research, 3, 1985, pp. 449–472. 43. Peterson, J. L., Petri Net Theory and the Modeling of Systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1981. 44. Ramamoorthy, C. V., Y. Yaw, and W. T., Tsai, A Petri net reduction algorithm for protocol analysis, Computer Communication Review (USA), Vol. 16, No. 3, August 1986, pp. 157–166. 45. Ramamoorthy, C. V. and H. So, Software requirements and specifications: status and perspectives, IEEE Tutorial: Software Methodology, 1978. 46. Ramamoorthy, C. V., S. T. Dong, and Y. Usuda, The implementation of an automated protocol synthesizer (APS) and its application to the X.21 protocol, IEEE Trans. Software <strong>Engineering</strong>, XE- 11, No. 9, September 1985, pp. 886–908. 47. Ramamoorthy, C. V., Y. Yaw, W. T. Tsai, R. Aggarwal, and J. Song, Synthesis of two-party errorrecoverable protocols, Computer Communication Review (USA), Vol. 16, No. 3, August 1986, pp. 227–235. 48. Ramamoorthy, C. V., Y. Yaw, W. T. Tsai, R. Aggarwal, and J. Song, Synthesis and performance evaluation of two-party error-recoverable protocols, Proc. COMASC Symp., October 1986, pp. 214–220. 49. Silva, M., Toward a synchrony theory for P/T nets, in Concurrency and Nets, K. Voss, H. J. Genrich, and G. Rozenberg (eds.), Springer-Verlag, pp. 435–460. 50. Suzuki, I. and T. Murata, A method for stepwise refinements and abstraction of Petri nets, J. Comp. Syst. Sci., 27, 1983, pp. 51–76. 51. Valette, R., Analysis of Petri nets by stepwise refinement, J. Comp. Syst. Sci. 18, 1979, pp. 35–46. 52. Valvanis, K. S., On the hierarchical analysis and simulation of flexible manufacturing systems with extended Petri nets, IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., SMC-20, No. 1, pp. 94–100.
53. Villaroel, J. L., J. Martinez, and M. Silva, GRAMAN: a graphic system for manufacturing system design, Proc. IMACS International Symp. on Syst. Model and Simul., Cetraro, Italy, 1988. 54. Wang, D. T., and D. Y. Chao, Enhanced knitting technique to Petri net synthesis, Proc. 1994 IEEE Int’l. Conf. SMC, San Antonio, TX, October 2–5, pp. 658–663. 55. Wang, D. T., and D. Y. Chao, New knitting technique for large Petri net synthesis with automatic preservation of liveness, boundedness and reversibility, (Invited) Proc. 1995 IEEE Int’l. Conf. SMC, Vancouver, Canada, October 22–25, pp. 1460–1465. 56. Wilson, R. G. and B. H. Krogh, Petri net tools for the specification and analysis of discrete event controllers, IEEE Trans. Software <strong>Engineering</strong>., SE-16, No. 1, 1990, pp. 39–50. 57. Yau, S. S., and Caglayan, Distributed software system design representation using modified Petri nets, IEEE Trans. Software <strong>Engineering</strong>, SE-9, No. 6, November 1983, pp. 733–745. 58. Yaw, Y., Analysis and Synthesis of Distributed Systems and Protocols, Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of EECS, U.C. Berkeley, 1987. 59. Yaw, Y., C. V. Ramamoorthy, and W. T. Tsai, A synthesis technique for designing concurrent systems, Second Parallel Processing Symposium, April 1988, pp. 143–166. 60. Yaw, Y., C. V. Ramamoorthy, and W. T. Tsai, Synthesis rules for cyclic interactions among processes in concurrent systems, Proc. COMSAC Symp., October 1988, pp. 496–504. 61. Yaw, Y. and F. L. Foun, The algorithm of a synthesis technique for concurrent systems, Proc. 1989 IEEE Int’l. Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, Tokyo, pp. 266–276. 62. Zhou, M. C. and F. DiCesare, Parallel and sequential mutual exclusions for Petri net modeling for manufacturing systems with shared resources, IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, RA-7 No. 4, 1991, pp. 515–527. 63. Zhou, M. C., F. DiCesare, and A. A. Desrochers, A hybrid methodology for Petri net synthesis of manufacturing systems, IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, RA-8, No. 3, 1992, pp. 350–361. 64. Zhou, M. C., K. McDermott, and A. Patel, Petri net synthesis and analysis of a flexible manufacturing systems cell, IEEE Trans. SMC, Vol. 23, No. 1, March 1993, pp. 524–531. 65. Chao, D. Y., Final-matrix based and fast implementation of recurrent DSP scheduling, Proc. ICSPAT ’96/DSP World Expo, Boston, October 1996, pp. 171–175. 66. Chao, D. Y., A CAD tool for network simulation based on a protocol design CAD tool, Proc. ICSPAT ’96/DSP World Expo, Boston, October 1996, pp. 836–840. 67. Heemstra, S. M. et al., Range-chart-guided iterative data-flow graph scheduling, IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst., CAS-39, No. 5, 351–364, 1992. Appendix A ab : entries of stucture matrix a� jj1 : the weight on the arc from pj to tj1 AC: asymmetric-choice nets AGV: automatic guided vehicles �: the total number of final PSPs in the final system �: the total numbr of nodes in the final system B: a bridge CL (o): cyclic C: local concurrent set Cik : LCN ( �i, �k) CT : the set of control transitions CN (�): concurrent d: synchronic distance d : structure synchronic distance DEP: directed elementary path DFG: data flow graph s
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COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, ENGINEERING,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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Editor Cornelius T. Leondes, B.S.,
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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapt
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the implementation of the IPD syste
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In our IPD system implementations,
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2. Specification of analysis-specif
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FIGURE 1.2 base or the design insta
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FIGURE 1.4 System architecture of t
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of a beam is considered for FEA. Th
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FIGURE 1.7 through the control expe
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2. machining facility (e.g., gang m
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from the FBDS. The user also specif
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Depending on the type of feature to
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TABLE 1.6 Tolerance synthesis is de
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FIGURE 1.12 Display of the NC tool
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component geometric entities and va
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FIGURE 1.14 The system architecture
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TABLE 1.10 User Input for the Toler
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TABLE 1.11 Tolerance Specifications
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7. Z. Young and I. R. Groose. A rul
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FIGURE 2.1 Tool paths generated for
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FIGURE 2.2 sented by instances of f
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TABLE 2.1 A CAD-Generated Hole Conf
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FIGURE 2.6 mounted on the rotary ta
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FIGURE 2.8 fixture for the machinin
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FIGURE 2.10 or best-fit, or the cur
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FIGURE 2.11 Linear approximation of
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FIGURE 2.13 Circular approximation
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FIGURE 2.14(b) Circular approximati
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FIGURE 2.16 Types of biarcs. FIGURE
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FIGURE 2.18 Approximation of scanne
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FIGURE 2.20 A touch trigger probe c
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TABLE 2.4 Substitute Elements in CM
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FIGURE 2.21 CMM planning requiremen
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Product Model Representation for Co
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© 2001 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 2.5
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TABLE 2.7 Partial Listing of Dimens
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24. Makinouchi, S., Okamoto, M., an
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Bijan Shirinzadeh Monash University
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FIGURE 3.1 Trends in flexible manuf
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FIGURE 3.3 and constrain different
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Other Fixturing Techniques There ar
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FIGURE 3.6 contact point. The geome
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FIGURE 3.8 The vertical support fix
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and moments about the contact point
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een identified, the normals are use
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one of choosing the variables: such
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Fixture Module Location An importan
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FIGURE 3.15 Illustration of functio
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FIGURE 3.18 Minimum separation test
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direction) the face, respectively.
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FIGURE 3.21 Software structure for
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3.8 Conclusion A reconfigurable fix
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Heui Jae Pahk Seoul National Univer
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FIGURE 4.1(b) Conceptual framework
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4.3 Measurement Points Sampling and
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Surface S2 Measurement Path FIGURE
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FIGURE 4.4 Rough phase alignment ba
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deviation between the nominal CAD d
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FIGURE 4.6(a) Sum of squares distan
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FIGURE 4.7(c) Trailing edge. (c) th
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FIGURE 4.8(a) Profile tolerance of
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The calculated minimum form error i
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FIGURE 4.11(a) A typical mold havin
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FIGURE 4.11(d) Inspection results f
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FIGURE 4.12(c) Maximum deviation (p
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5.1 Introduction Developments in th
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process plan for a part (Figure 5.3
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FIGURE 5.5 leading to the developme
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the previously stored process plan
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FIGURE 5.7 Techniques of defining a
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Feature Recognition and Extraction
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in relation to another feature (e.g
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FIGURE 5.9 Framework for building a
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FIGURE 5.10 Process plan content.
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FIGURE 5.12 Schematic sketch of the
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Several techniques of defining a fe
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TABLE 5.1 Data Structure for Repres
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FIGURE 5.16 Classification of the t
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system to ensure that the part bein
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FIGURE 5.19 Graphical model of the
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TABLE 5.4 Data Structure for Repres
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FIGURE 5.20 Mapping between machini
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algorithms. (Some details of the pr
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FIGURE 5.24 An example rotational p
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FIGURE 5.26 Down_face-turn-up_face
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FIGURE 5.27 Procedure for machine t
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FIGURE 5.28 Determining the number
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DL is needed to be set only if the
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FIGURE 5.31 Operation sequencing co
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Cutting Tool Selection Selection of
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1. A tool is searched for in the da
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FIGURE 5.32 Inputs to optimization
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When these values are substituted,
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Usually, maximum and minimum speed
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FIGURE 5.33 Solution methodology.
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TABLE 5.6 Process Plan Internal Rep
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In a strict theoretical perspective
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18. Domazet, D. S. and Lu, S. C. Y,
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63. Prasad, A. V. S. R. K., Rao, P.
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CAD systems. The sample consists of
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learn to master the new system. An
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Although researchers appear to agre
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Link and Zmud28 found that organic
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Informal Training Informal CAD trai
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informal training programs, felt th
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6. C. A. Beatty, Tall Tales and Rea
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A.Y.C. Nee National University of S
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FIGURE 7.1 Planning, design, and ma
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A metal stamping can have the follo
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FIGURE 7.3 Strips used to notch out
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A Skeletal Approach for the Recogni
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These findings can be used to devel
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Semi-Direct Piloting In cases where
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a larger value, the die operations
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FIGURE 7.9 Symbolic relationship be
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FIGURE 7.11 The shape of the envelo
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TABLE 7.1 Schema for the Generation
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strong reasons to support a move to
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FIGURE 7.16 3-D CAD model of a part
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References Cheok, B.T. et al. (1994
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include the once forbidden generati
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A temporal matrix (T-Matrix) is pro
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FIGURE 8.1 A basic process. (From R
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FIGURE 8.4(a) Generate a new IG usi
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