ComputerAided_Design_Engineering_amp_Manufactur.pdf

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FIGURE 4.12(a) Three-dimensional representation of a turbine blade. FIGURE 4.12(b) A turbine blade’s airfoil composed of spline and circle features. measurement features. Two phases of alignment, rough and fine, have been introduced. The roughphase alignment is based on the conventional six points probing on the clear cut surfaces; the finephase alignment is based on the initial measurement of the curved parts, using the least squares technique based on the initial measurement data feedback. Fine-phase alignment is especially useful for the measurement of parts having very thin geometry. It can also be concluded that the CAD/CAI integration technique is essential for the measurement and inspection of complicated parts having
FIGURE 4.12(c) Maximum deviation (profile tolerance) vs. iteration number. CAD-defined curved or complicated geometry. For the analysis of profile tolerance of parts, a recursive algorithm has been introduced, based on the Chebyshev norm. As has been demonstrated, the integrated precision inspection method can provide very useful techniques for efficient quality control of parts in CAD/CAM/CAI environment. References 1. M. Kang, S. G. Kim, and C. W. Lee, CIM for mold factory automation, Annals of CIRP, 39, 1985. 2. N. Duffie, J. Bollinger, R. Piper, and M. Kroneberg, CAD directed inspection and error analysis using surface patch databases, Annals of CIRP, 33, 1984. 3. N. Duffie, S. Feng, and J. Kann, CAD directed inspection, error analysis and manufacturing process compensation using tricubic solid databases, Annals of CIRP, 37, 1988. 4. O. P. Bojanic, D. V. Majstrovic, and R. V. Milacic, CAD/CAI integration with special focus on complex surfaces, Annals of CIRP, 41, 1992. 5. C. H. Menq, H. T. Yau, and G. W. Lai, Automated precision measurement of surface profile in CAD directed inspection, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 8, 2, 1992. 6. M. E. Mortenson, Geometric Modelling, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1985. 7. Main Plates of Molds for Plastics, Korean Industrial Standards, KSB 4151–1987, 1987. 8. British Standard Guide to Assessment of Position, Size, and Departure from Nominal Form of Geometric Features, British Standards Institution, BS7172:1989, 1989. 9. International Organization for Standardization, Technical Drawings: Geometrical Tolerancing- Tolerancing of Form, Orientation, Location and Runout-Generalities, Definitions, Symbols, Indications on Drawing, ISO 1101–1983, 1983. 10. H. J. Pahk, Y. H. Kim, Y. S. Hong, and S. G. Kim, Development of computer aided inspection system with CMM for integrated mold manufacturing, Annals of CIRP, 42, 1993. 11. G. Goch and U. Tschudi, A universal algorithm for the alignment of sculptured surfaces, Annals of CIRP, 41, 597–600, 1992. 12. H. J. Pahk and W. J. Ahn, Precision inspection system for aircraft parts having very thin features based on CAD/CAI integration, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., Vol. 12, 442–449, 1996. 13. Dimensional Measuring Interface Specification, Version 2.1, Computer Aided <strong>Manufactur</strong>ing- International, Inc., 1989.
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COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, ENGINEERING,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
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Editor Cornelius T. Leondes, B.S.,
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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapt
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the implementation of the IPD syste
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In our IPD system implementations,
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2. Specification of analysis-specif
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FIGURE 1.2 base or the design insta
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FIGURE 1.4 System architecture of t
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of a beam is considered for FEA. Th
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FIGURE 1.7 through the control expe
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2. machining facility (e.g., gang m
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from the FBDS. The user also specif
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Depending on the type of feature to
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TABLE 1.6 Tolerance synthesis is de
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FIGURE 1.12 Display of the NC tool
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component geometric entities and va
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FIGURE 1.14 The system architecture
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TABLE 1.10 User Input for the Toler
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TABLE 1.11 Tolerance Specifications
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7. Z. Young and I. R. Groose. A rul
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FIGURE 2.1 Tool paths generated for
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FIGURE 2.2 sented by instances of f
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TABLE 2.1 A CAD-Generated Hole Conf
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FIGURE 2.6 mounted on the rotary ta
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FIGURE 2.8 fixture for the machinin
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FIGURE 2.10 or best-fit, or the cur
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FIGURE 2.11 Linear approximation of
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FIGURE 2.13 Circular approximation
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FIGURE 2.14(b) Circular approximati
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FIGURE 2.16 Types of biarcs. FIGURE
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FIGURE 2.18 Approximation of scanne
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FIGURE 2.20 A touch trigger probe c
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TABLE 2.4 Substitute Elements in CM
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FIGURE 2.21 CMM planning requiremen
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Product Model Representation for Co
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© 2001 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 2.5
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TABLE 2.7 Partial Listing of Dimens
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24. Makinouchi, S., Okamoto, M., an
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Bijan Shirinzadeh Monash University
Page 81 and 82: FIGURE 3.1 Trends in flexible manuf
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 3.3 and constrain different
Page 85 and 86: Other Fixturing Techniques There ar
Page 87 and 88: FIGURE 3.6 contact point. The geome
Page 89 and 90: FIGURE 3.8 The vertical support fix
Page 91 and 92: and moments about the contact point
Page 93 and 94: een identified, the normals are use
Page 95 and 96: one of choosing the variables: such
Page 97 and 98: Fixture Module Location An importan
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 3.15 Illustration of functio
Page 101 and 102: FIGURE 3.18 Minimum separation test
Page 103 and 104: direction) the face, respectively.
Page 105 and 106: FIGURE 3.21 Software structure for
Page 107 and 108: 3.8 Conclusion A reconfigurable fix
Page 109 and 110: Heui Jae Pahk Seoul National Univer
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 4.1(b) Conceptual framework
Page 113 and 114: 4.3 Measurement Points Sampling and
Page 115 and 116: Surface S2 Measurement Path FIGURE
Page 117 and 118: FIGURE 4.4 Rough phase alignment ba
Page 119 and 120: deviation between the nominal CAD d
Page 121 and 122: FIGURE 4.6(a) Sum of squares distan
Page 123 and 124: FIGURE 4.7(c) Trailing edge. (c) th
Page 125 and 126: FIGURE 4.8(a) Profile tolerance of
Page 127 and 128: The calculated minimum form error i
Page 129 and 130: FIGURE 4.11(a) A typical mold havin
Page 131: FIGURE 4.11(d) Inspection results f
Page 135 and 136: 5.1 Introduction Developments in th
Page 137 and 138: process plan for a part (Figure 5.3
Page 139 and 140: FIGURE 5.5 leading to the developme
Page 141 and 142: the previously stored process plan
Page 143 and 144: FIGURE 5.7 Techniques of defining a
Page 145 and 146: Feature Recognition and Extraction
Page 147 and 148: in relation to another feature (e.g
Page 149 and 150: FIGURE 5.9 Framework for building a
Page 151 and 152: FIGURE 5.10 Process plan content.
Page 153 and 154: FIGURE 5.12 Schematic sketch of the
Page 155 and 156: Several techniques of defining a fe
Page 157 and 158: TABLE 5.1 Data Structure for Repres
Page 159 and 160: FIGURE 5.16 Classification of the t
Page 161 and 162: system to ensure that the part bein
Page 163 and 164: FIGURE 5.19 Graphical model of the
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 5.4 Data Structure for Repres
Page 167 and 168: FIGURE 5.20 Mapping between machini
Page 169 and 170: algorithms. (Some details of the pr
Page 171 and 172: FIGURE 5.24 An example rotational p
Page 173 and 174: FIGURE 5.26 Down_face-turn-up_face
Page 175 and 176: FIGURE 5.27 Procedure for machine t
Page 177 and 178: FIGURE 5.28 Determining the number
Page 179 and 180: DL is needed to be set only if the
Page 181 and 182: FIGURE 5.31 Operation sequencing co
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Cutting Tool Selection Selection of
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1. A tool is searched for in the da
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FIGURE 5.32 Inputs to optimization
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When these values are substituted,
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Usually, maximum and minimum speed
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FIGURE 5.33 Solution methodology.
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TABLE 5.6 Process Plan Internal Rep
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In a strict theoretical perspective
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18. Domazet, D. S. and Lu, S. C. Y,
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63. Prasad, A. V. S. R. K., Rao, P.
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CAD systems. The sample consists of
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learn to master the new system. An
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Although researchers appear to agre
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Link and Zmud28 found that organic
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Informal Training Informal CAD trai
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informal training programs, felt th
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6. C. A. Beatty, Tall Tales and Rea
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A.Y.C. Nee National University of S
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FIGURE 7.1 Planning, design, and ma
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A metal stamping can have the follo
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FIGURE 7.3 Strips used to notch out
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A Skeletal Approach for the Recogni
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These findings can be used to devel
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Semi-Direct Piloting In cases where
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a larger value, the die operations
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FIGURE 7.9 Symbolic relationship be
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FIGURE 7.11 The shape of the envelo
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TABLE 7.1 Schema for the Generation
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strong reasons to support a move to
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FIGURE 7.16 3-D CAD model of a part
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References Cheok, B.T. et al. (1994
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include the once forbidden generati
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A temporal matrix (T-Matrix) is pro
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FIGURE 8.1 A basic process. (From R
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FIGURE 8.4(a) Generate a new IG usi
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Note if the pair of nodes are both
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TABLE 8.1 Summary of the Rules Cond
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The correctness of these rules is e
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needs to show that after each full
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ule is violated, a warning should b
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Π1 Π3 Π4 FIGURE 8.8(a) After add
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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A ik � ‘U’ and is in a cycle
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FIGURE 8.12(a) Add [p2 t7 p7 t8 p4]
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FIGURE 8.12(c) Add a token to p8 vi
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FIGURE 8.12(e) Add [p8 t9 p14 t10 p
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FIGURE 8.13 An example of rule TT.0
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FIGURE 8.14 A GPN model of a machin
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FIGURE 8.15(b) The first exclusive
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FIGURE 8.15(d) The last exclusive T
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FIGURE 8.15(f) After entering the a
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FIGURE 8.15(h) Completion of Compon
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FIGURE 8.15(j) Two PP-generations:
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FIGURE 8.15(l) The last exclusive T
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t1 t5 p1 p5 t6 (a) t2 t3 t4 2 2 p2
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FIGURE 8.17 An example of partial f
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Theorem 10: If pi → pk in a synth
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Note that control transitions are o
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t j than the lower at , it indicate
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• Programming logic and VLSI arra
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7. Chao, D. Y. and D. T. Wang, Appl
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53. Villaroel, J. L., J. Martinez,
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q u : the numerator of the least ra
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geometric modeling, engineering ana
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In dimension driven or parametric d
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FIGURE 9.3 configuration of bodies
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FIGURE 9.6 FIGURE 9.7 Geometric Int
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FIGURE 9.8 Intersection of degrees
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will introduce a way to propagate p
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Completeness of Dimensions Complete
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FIGURE 9.12 3-D constraints. © 200
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The distance constraint from pt �
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therefore: Now merge the lists and
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Quantity analysis methods have the
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y a revolute joint. By selecting al
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