ComputerAided_Design_Engineering_amp_Manufactur.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

P. Nageswara Rao MARA Institute of Technology Siva R.K. Jasthi Structural Dynamics Research Corporation 5 Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) in Manufacturing Systems and Their Implementation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Process Planning 5.3 Computer-Aided Process Planning Variant Approach • Generative Approach 5.4 CAPP: Implementation Techniques Decision Tables • Decision Trees • Expert System Techniques (AI) 5.5 Modeling for CAPP 5.6 Part Modeling for CAPP Representation of Geometrical Details • Representation of Technological Details • Representation of Global (or General) Details • Part Modeling for CAPP: A Unified Framework 5.7 Modeling of Manufacturing Resources for CAPP 5.8 Modeling of the Process Plan for CAPP 5.9 GIFTS: A Generative CAPP System for Rotational Parts 5.10 Turbo-Model: Part Modeling System for GIFTS Part Representation-Data Structures • Turbo-Model: Implementation 5.11 Data-GIFTS: Modeling Manufacturing Resources in GIFTS 5.12 Modeling of Process Plan in GIFTS Machine • Setup • Pockets • Parameters 5.13 Macro-GIFTS: Macro-Planning Module Operation Selection • Machine Selection • Setup Planning • Operation Sequencing 5.14 Micro-GIFTS: Micro-Planning Module Cutting Tool Selection • Process Parameter Selection 5.15 Report-GIFTS: Report Generation Module Textual Process Plans • Graphical Simulation • Pictorial Process Plans • NC Programs
5.1 Introduction Developments in the information age have caused the use of computers to spread rapidly throughout the manufacturing arena. With the cost of computing going to ever low levels and increases in its capability going by leaps and bounds, the use of computers has become increasingly important to the manufacturing industries. To this extent, great strides are taking place in the use of computers in design and manufacturing worldwide. A process planning function establishes the methods and means of converting raw material to a finished part. Thus process planning logically forms a link between the design and manufacturing functions. Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is the application of computers to assist process planners in the planning function. In this chapter a brief presentation is made of the technologies involved in developing a CAPP system for rotational parts, along with a case study of GIFTS—a generative, interactive, feature-based, and technology-oriented system. 5.2 Process Planning A process is a method by which products can be manufactured from raw materials. Process engineering takes place directly after product engineering has completed the design of a product. From the information received, it creates the plan of manufacture. Process planning is, then, the function of determining exactly how a product will be made to satisfy the requirements specified at the most economical cost. The importance of a good process plan cannot be over emphasized, particularly for mass production. A few minutes used to correct an error during process planning can save large costs that would be required to alter the tooling or build new tooling. The process plan created must permit the manufacture of a quality product at the lowest possible cost. The output from the process planning function can be itemized as follows: 1. To determine and select the equipment needed to manufacture the part 2. To determine the order or sequence of operations necessary to manufacture in terms of operation routing, process details and process pictures 3. To specify production tolerances on blanks and on auxiliary surfaces 4. To specify the process parameters for the various manufacturing operations selected 5. Providing the necessary documentation to be used by the shop people. A typical process plan is shown below with the corresponding part shown in Figure 5.1. Op. No. Operation Tools Used 10 Turning to length and facing the ends Facing tool, chuck 20 Make the center hole Chuck, center drill 30 Rough turning of �20 diameter Rough turning tool 40 Finish turning of �20 diameter Finish turning tool 50 Forming the radius at one end Form tool (radius turning) 60 Diamond knurling of the handle Knurling tool 70 Reverse the part in the chuck and rough turn to �10 Rough turning tool 80 Finish turning of �10 size Finish turning tool 90 Make the 3 mm radius groove Form tool 100 Rough turning of �14 diameter Rough turning tool 110 Finish turning of �14 diameter Finish turning tool 120 Cutting the external threads M14 Thread cutting tool
Page 1 and 2:
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, ENGINEERING,
Page 3 and 4:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
Page 5 and 6:
Editor Cornelius T. Leondes, B.S.,
Page 7 and 8:
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapt
Page 9 and 10:
the implementation of the IPD syste
Page 11 and 12:
In our IPD system implementations,
Page 13 and 14:
2. Specification of analysis-specif
Page 15 and 16:
FIGURE 1.2 base or the design insta
Page 17 and 18:
FIGURE 1.4 System architecture of t
Page 19 and 20:
of a beam is considered for FEA. Th
Page 21 and 22:
FIGURE 1.7 through the control expe
Page 23 and 24:
2. machining facility (e.g., gang m
Page 25 and 26:
from the FBDS. The user also specif
Page 27 and 28:
Depending on the type of feature to
Page 29 and 30:
TABLE 1.6 Tolerance synthesis is de
Page 31 and 32:
FIGURE 1.12 Display of the NC tool
Page 33 and 34:
component geometric entities and va
Page 35 and 36:
FIGURE 1.14 The system architecture
Page 37 and 38:
TABLE 1.10 User Input for the Toler
Page 39 and 40:
TABLE 1.11 Tolerance Specifications
Page 41 and 42:
7. Z. Young and I. R. Groose. A rul
Page 43 and 44:
FIGURE 2.1 Tool paths generated for
Page 45 and 46:
FIGURE 2.2 sented by instances of f
Page 47 and 48:
TABLE 2.1 A CAD-Generated Hole Conf
Page 49 and 50:
FIGURE 2.6 mounted on the rotary ta
Page 51 and 52:
FIGURE 2.8 fixture for the machinin
Page 53 and 54:
FIGURE 2.10 or best-fit, or the cur
Page 55 and 56:
FIGURE 2.11 Linear approximation of
Page 57 and 58:
FIGURE 2.13 Circular approximation
Page 59 and 60:
FIGURE 2.14(b) Circular approximati
Page 61 and 62:
FIGURE 2.16 Types of biarcs. FIGURE
Page 63 and 64:
FIGURE 2.18 Approximation of scanne
Page 65 and 66:
FIGURE 2.20 A touch trigger probe c
Page 67 and 68:
TABLE 2.4 Substitute Elements in CM
Page 69 and 70:
FIGURE 2.21 CMM planning requiremen
Page 71 and 72:
Product Model Representation for Co
Page 73 and 74:
© 2001 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 2.5
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 2.7 Partial Listing of Dimens
Page 77 and 78:
24. Makinouchi, S., Okamoto, M., an
Page 79 and 80:
Bijan Shirinzadeh Monash University
Page 81 and 82:
FIGURE 3.1 Trends in flexible manuf
Page 83 and 84: FIGURE 3.3 and constrain different
Page 85 and 86: Other Fixturing Techniques There ar
Page 87 and 88: FIGURE 3.6 contact point. The geome
Page 89 and 90: FIGURE 3.8 The vertical support fix
Page 91 and 92: and moments about the contact point
Page 93 and 94: een identified, the normals are use
Page 95 and 96: one of choosing the variables: such
Page 97 and 98: Fixture Module Location An importan
Page 99 and 100: FIGURE 3.15 Illustration of functio
Page 101 and 102: FIGURE 3.18 Minimum separation test
Page 103 and 104: direction) the face, respectively.
Page 105 and 106: FIGURE 3.21 Software structure for
Page 107 and 108: 3.8 Conclusion A reconfigurable fix
Page 109 and 110: Heui Jae Pahk Seoul National Univer
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 4.1(b) Conceptual framework
Page 113 and 114: 4.3 Measurement Points Sampling and
Page 115 and 116: Surface S2 Measurement Path FIGURE
Page 117 and 118: FIGURE 4.4 Rough phase alignment ba
Page 119 and 120: deviation between the nominal CAD d
Page 121 and 122: FIGURE 4.6(a) Sum of squares distan
Page 123 and 124: FIGURE 4.7(c) Trailing edge. (c) th
Page 125 and 126: FIGURE 4.8(a) Profile tolerance of
Page 127 and 128: The calculated minimum form error i
Page 129 and 130: FIGURE 4.11(a) A typical mold havin
Page 131 and 132: FIGURE 4.11(d) Inspection results f
Page 133: FIGURE 4.12(c) Maximum deviation (p
Page 137 and 138: process plan for a part (Figure 5.3
Page 139 and 140: FIGURE 5.5 leading to the developme
Page 141 and 142: the previously stored process plan
Page 143 and 144: FIGURE 5.7 Techniques of defining a
Page 145 and 146: Feature Recognition and Extraction
Page 147 and 148: in relation to another feature (e.g
Page 149 and 150: FIGURE 5.9 Framework for building a
Page 151 and 152: FIGURE 5.10 Process plan content.
Page 153 and 154: FIGURE 5.12 Schematic sketch of the
Page 155 and 156: Several techniques of defining a fe
Page 157 and 158: TABLE 5.1 Data Structure for Repres
Page 159 and 160: FIGURE 5.16 Classification of the t
Page 161 and 162: system to ensure that the part bein
Page 163 and 164: FIGURE 5.19 Graphical model of the
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 5.4 Data Structure for Repres
Page 167 and 168: FIGURE 5.20 Mapping between machini
Page 169 and 170: algorithms. (Some details of the pr
Page 171 and 172: FIGURE 5.24 An example rotational p
Page 173 and 174: FIGURE 5.26 Down_face-turn-up_face
Page 175 and 176: FIGURE 5.27 Procedure for machine t
Page 177 and 178: FIGURE 5.28 Determining the number
Page 179 and 180: DL is needed to be set only if the
Page 181 and 182: FIGURE 5.31 Operation sequencing co
Page 183 and 184: Cutting Tool Selection Selection of
Page 185 and 186:
1. A tool is searched for in the da
Page 187 and 188:
FIGURE 5.32 Inputs to optimization
Page 189 and 190:
When these values are substituted,
Page 191 and 192:
Usually, maximum and minimum speed
Page 193 and 194:
FIGURE 5.33 Solution methodology.
Page 195 and 196:
TABLE 5.6 Process Plan Internal Rep
Page 197 and 198:
In a strict theoretical perspective
Page 199 and 200:
18. Domazet, D. S. and Lu, S. C. Y,
Page 201 and 202:
63. Prasad, A. V. S. R. K., Rao, P.
Page 203 and 204:
CAD systems. The sample consists of
Page 205 and 206:
learn to master the new system. An
Page 207 and 208:
Although researchers appear to agre
Page 209 and 210:
Link and Zmud28 found that organic
Page 211 and 212:
Informal Training Informal CAD trai
Page 213 and 214:
informal training programs, felt th
Page 215 and 216:
6. C. A. Beatty, Tall Tales and Rea
Page 217 and 218:
A.Y.C. Nee National University of S
Page 219 and 220:
FIGURE 7.1 Planning, design, and ma
Page 221 and 222:
A metal stamping can have the follo
Page 223 and 224:
FIGURE 7.3 Strips used to notch out
Page 225 and 226:
A Skeletal Approach for the Recogni
Page 227 and 228:
These findings can be used to devel
Page 229 and 230:
Semi-Direct Piloting In cases where
Page 231 and 232:
a larger value, the die operations
Page 233 and 234:
FIGURE 7.9 Symbolic relationship be
Page 235 and 236:
FIGURE 7.11 The shape of the envelo
Page 237 and 238:
TABLE 7.1 Schema for the Generation
Page 239 and 240:
strong reasons to support a move to
Page 241 and 242:
FIGURE 7.16 3-D CAD model of a part
Page 243 and 244:
References Cheok, B.T. et al. (1994
Page 245 and 246:
include the once forbidden generati
Page 247 and 248:
A temporal matrix (T-Matrix) is pro
Page 249 and 250:
FIGURE 8.1 A basic process. (From R
Page 251 and 252:
FIGURE 8.4(a) Generate a new IG usi
Page 253 and 254:
Note if the pair of nodes are both
Page 255 and 256:
TABLE 8.1 Summary of the Rules Cond
Page 257 and 258:
The correctness of these rules is e
Page 259 and 260:
needs to show that after each full
Page 261 and 262:
ule is violated, a warning should b
Page 263 and 264:
Π1 Π3 Π4 FIGURE 8.8(a) After add
Page 265 and 266:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 267 and 268:
A ik � ‘U’ and is in a cycle
Page 269 and 270:
FIGURE 8.12(a) Add [p2 t7 p7 t8 p4]
Page 271 and 272:
FIGURE 8.12(c) Add a token to p8 vi
Page 273 and 274:
FIGURE 8.12(e) Add [p8 t9 p14 t10 p
Page 275 and 276:
FIGURE 8.13 An example of rule TT.0
Page 277 and 278:
FIGURE 8.14 A GPN model of a machin
Page 279 and 280:
FIGURE 8.15(b) The first exclusive
Page 281 and 282:
FIGURE 8.15(d) The last exclusive T
Page 283 and 284:
FIGURE 8.15(f) After entering the a
Page 285 and 286:
FIGURE 8.15(h) Completion of Compon
Page 287 and 288:
FIGURE 8.15(j) Two PP-generations:
Page 289 and 290:
FIGURE 8.15(l) The last exclusive T
Page 291 and 292:
t1 t5 p1 p5 t6 (a) t2 t3 t4 2 2 p2
Page 293 and 294:
FIGURE 8.17 An example of partial f
Page 295 and 296:
Theorem 10: If pi → pk in a synth
Page 297 and 298:
Note that control transitions are o
Page 299 and 300:
t j than the lower at , it indicate
Page 301 and 302:
• Programming logic and VLSI arra
Page 303 and 304:
7. Chao, D. Y. and D. T. Wang, Appl
Page 305 and 306:
53. Villaroel, J. L., J. Martinez,
Page 307 and 308:
q u : the numerator of the least ra
Page 309 and 310:
geometric modeling, engineering ana
Page 311 and 312:
In dimension driven or parametric d
Page 313 and 314:
FIGURE 9.3 configuration of bodies
Page 315 and 316:
FIGURE 9.6 FIGURE 9.7 Geometric Int
Page 317 and 318:
FIGURE 9.8 Intersection of degrees
Page 319 and 320:
will introduce a way to propagate p
Page 321 and 322:
Completeness of Dimensions Complete
Page 323 and 324:
FIGURE 9.12 3-D constraints. © 200
Page 325 and 326:
The distance constraint from pt �
Page 327 and 328:
therefore: Now merge the lists and
Page 329 and 330:
Quantity analysis methods have the
Page 331 and 332:
y a revolute joint. By selecting al
show all

ComputerAided_Design_Engineering_amp_Manufactur.pdf

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?