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CHAPTER 2. HEALTH PLAN CHOICE 107 Table 2.6: Matching and Welfare under Alternative Contribution Policies Matching Welfare † Truncated Gross Insurer Social Social NHMO NPPO IHMO IPOS Surplus ‡ Costs ‡ Surplus ‡ Surplus ‡ Observed Market Shares 0.25 0.09 0.54 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Risk Score 1.03 1.07 0.99 1.02 Incremental Contribution † 9.30 23.70 0.00 5.00 Feasible Risk Rated Contributions Market Shares 0.37 0.09 0.43 0.11 -16.60 -43.70 27.10 5.00 Risk Score 0.58 0.78 1.49 0.74 Incremental Contribution -14.70 11.80 0.00 -1.30 Optimal Risk Rated Contributions Market Shares 0.38 0.08 0.44 0.10 -22.10 -57.50 35.50 7.80 Risk Score 0.60 0.79 1.46 0.76 Incremental Contribution -14.90 11.80 0.00 -1.60 Uniform by Tier within Firms Market Shares 0.31 0.09 0.49 0.12 -6.10 -12.80 6.70 1.40 Risk Score 0.86 1.02 1.11 0.97 Incremental Contribution -16.50 8.90 0.00 -1.10 Enthoven Rule Market Shares 0.22 0.08 0.58 0.13 -1.10 -0.80 -0.30 -0.50 Risk Score 1.01 1.05 1.00 1.02 Incremental Contribution 28.70 39.90 0.00 10.80 Notes: Feasible Risk Rated Contributions implements efficient matching by setting incremental contributions equal to incremental costs, conditional on observable risk but not privately known risk. Optimal Risk Rated Contributions sets incremental contributions equal to incremental costs, conditional on both observable and privately known risk. Uniform by Tier within Firms maximizes social surplus subject to the constraint that contributions vary only by coverage tier and by firm, but not by individual risk. Enthoven Rule is implemented by setting incremental contributions equal to incremental bids. Reported risk score is conditional on plan choice. The truncated results holds cost differentials between plans for risk scores lower than 0.75 and higher than 2.0 at these boundary levels. † Incremental contribution, gross surplus, insurer costs, and social surplus are averaged across enrollees and denominated in $ per month. ‡ Gross surplus, insurer costs and social surplus are normalized to zero under the observed allocation. Other scenarios show gross surplus as social surplus relative to the observed allocation. Under the observed allocation, costs average $241.70 per enrollee per month. Gross and social surplus are not pinned down.
CHAPTER 2. HEALTH PLAN CHOICE 108 Table 2.7: Matching and Welfare by Risk Score Quintile Feasible Risk Rated Contributions versus Observed Matching Welfare Truncated ∆Gross ∆Insurer ∆Social ∆Social Quintile (Risk Score range) NHMO NPPO IHMO IPOS Surplus Costs Surplus Surplus Quintile 1 (¡0.36) ∆MarketShare 0.332 0.000 -0.330 -0.002 -27.2 -56.9 29.8 4.3 ∆IncrementalContribution -179.4 -93.4 0.0 -86.6 Quintile 2 (0.36, 0.54) ∆MarketShare 0.265 0.003 -0.266 -0.001 -16.6 -35.6 18.9 3.4 ∆IncrementalContribution -141.6 -75.9 0.0 -65.6 Quintile 3 (0.54, 0.79) ∆MarketShare 0.181 0.006 -0.189 0.002 -7.7 -17.1 9.3 1.3 ∆IncrementalContribution -99.1 -53.4 0.0 -44.6 Quintile 4 (0.79, 1.33) ∆MarketShare 0.040 0.004 -0.037 -0.007 -0.8 -2.4 1.6 0.4 ∆IncrementalContribution -21.0 -19.7 0.0 -1.2 Quintile 5 (¿1.33) ∆MarketShare -0.184 -0.047 0.299 -0.069 -30.3 -105.9 75.6 15.4 ∆IncrementalContribution 324.8 154.5 0.0 179.3 Total ∆MarketShare 0.128 -0.007 -0.106 -0.015 -16.6 -43.8 27.1 5.0 ∆IncrementalContribution -23.9 -11.9 0.0 -6.3 Notes: ∆ Market Share, ∆ Incremental Contribution, ∆ Gross Surplus, ∆ Insurer Costs and ∆ Social Surplus are calculated as the difference between the feasible risk rated and observed values of these variables. Truncated fixes cost differentials between plans for risk scores outside of 0.75 and 2.0. Values averaged across enrollees within each quintile and denominated in $ per month. (Total values are averaged across all enrollees.)
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ESSAYS IN PUBLIC FINANCE AND INDUST
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I certify that I have read this dis
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insurance choice. Among other thing
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Acknowledgements I am deeply thankf
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Contents Preface iv Acknowledgement
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2.5.3 The Value of Plan Choice ....
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List of Tables 1.1 Asset Exemption
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4.9 First Week Contract Spending fo
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4.3 I.T. Contracting by Week ......
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 2 of the dead
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 4 relevant le
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 6 superficial
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 8 After treat
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 12 newly edit
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 15 bound of t
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 22 homestead
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 28 to seizabl
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 31 CARA utili
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 33 Puzzle 3:
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 35 of income
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 40 TaxSim pro
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Payments CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 42 $
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OOP payments CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY
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ln(seizable sssets) CHAPTER 1. BANK
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50 60 70 80 90 100 Insurance covera
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Pr(WTP > premium) CHAPTER 1. BANKRU
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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 52 Table 1.1:
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Page 136 and 137: CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 119 be of intere
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Page 140 and 141: CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 123 have benefit
Page 145 and 146: CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 128 We use boots
Page 147 and 148: CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 130 of costs and
Page 149 and 150: CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 132 policy that
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