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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 54
Table 1.3: Baseline Coverage Estimates
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
ln(w S Dependent variable: Percent of household insured
OLS 2SLS
) 6.13 2.45 2.36 2.63 8.80 5.43 5.38 6.15
Age group
(0.37) (0.20) (0.53) (0.25) (2.27) (1.16) (0.95) (0.87)
35-44 4.48 3.98 4.48 3.49 4.28 3.32
(0.97) (0.93) (1.13) (1.10) (0.88) (1.60)
45-54 3.08 2.48 2.91 1.22 2.94 0.78
(1.04) (1.02) (1.34) (1.27) (0.98) (2.39)
55-64 8.03 7.44 8.48 4.53 7.79 4.42
Family structure
(1.08) (1.05) (1.44) (1.81) (1.01) (3.63)
Couple 5.38 4.76 6.55 5.05 5.29 5.89
(1.55) (1.43) (1.92) (1.48) (1.42) (1.95)
Single parent 3.04 3.00 4.72 3.29 3.13 5.01
(1.55) (1.51) (1.92) (1.52) (1.48) (2.00)
Couple with children 11.41 10.51 12.53 11.16 11.14 12.25
Race
(1.51) (1.38) (1.96) (1.41) (1.37) (1.83)
Non-white -6.34 -6.06 -5.85 -4.95 -5.86 -4.10
Education
(0.76) (0.77) (1.01) (0.88) (0.82) (1.26)
High school to some college 9.86 9.83 8.65 9.12 9.51 7.77
(1.88) (1.86) (2.37) (1.81) (1.83) (1.70)
College or greater 11.79 12.03 10.76 10.35 11.94 8.91
(1.77) (1.73) (2.10) (1.68) (1.70) (1.86)
Income polynomial (4th order) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Wealth polynomial (4th order) Yes Yes
State controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
State premium index (log points) -1.15 -1.47
(0.91) (0.93)
Instrument
Baseline instrument Yes Yes Yes Yes
R-squared 0.13 0.27 0.28 0.27 - - - -
N 20,265 20,265 20,265 14,510 20,265 20,265 20,265 14,510
Notes: The dependent variable is the percent of household member-months insured. In the 2SLS specifications, the
baseline instrument is mean log seizable assets for a constant, nationally representative sample of households as though
they lived in that state. The excluded demographic groups are age 18-34, single, less than high school, and white. The
state controls are mean income, percent unemployed, and percent covered by Medicaid. See text for a description of the
premium index. All specifications include an indicator for the bottom-coding of seizable assets. Robust standard errors
clustered at the state level in parentheses. Pooled 1999 to 2005 PSID excluding households with public insurance or a
head age 65 or older. Inflation-adjusted to 2005 using the CPI-U.