14.01.2013 Views

essays in public finance and industrial organization a dissertation ...

essays in public finance and industrial organization a dissertation ...

essays in public finance and industrial organization a dissertation ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 15<br />

bound of the effect of bankruptcy <strong>in</strong>surance on household f<strong>in</strong>ancial risk.<br />

I use Relative Risk Scores to control for medical utilization. As I discuss <strong>in</strong> Section<br />

1.4, controll<strong>in</strong>g for utilization is important because the direction of the unconditional<br />

relationship between out-of-pocket payments <strong>and</strong> seizable assets <strong>in</strong> theoretically am-<br />

biguous. To control for utilization, I use the Relative Risk Score variable constructed<br />

us<strong>in</strong>g the RiskSmart Version 2.2 software created by DxCG Inc. 23 This software uses<br />

<strong>in</strong>formation on age, sex, <strong>and</strong> medical diagnoses to project expected medical utiliza-<br />

tion based on regression models developed by the company. Because the software<br />

does not use geographical <strong>in</strong>formation to project utilization, the Relative Risk Score<br />

is orthogonal to asset exemption laws <strong>and</strong> other state-level factors.<br />

1.3.4 Insurance Premiums<br />

I conduct additional analysis us<strong>in</strong>g data on health <strong>in</strong>surance premiums <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>di-<br />

vidual market. In particular, I use data on premium quotes <strong>in</strong> each state that are<br />

listed on eHealthInsurance, a website that aggregates premium quotes from most of<br />

the major <strong>in</strong>surance providers. The data I use were collected <strong>in</strong> November, 2010.<br />

I collect premiums <strong>in</strong> each state for a 30-year-old non-smok<strong>in</strong>g male. Because pre-<br />

miums quotes are zip code specific, the data are collected for a zip code r<strong>and</strong>omly<br />

selected from the 10 most populous zip codes <strong>in</strong> the state. Along with premiums,<br />

I collect data on the <strong>in</strong>surance provider, plan br<strong>and</strong> name, deductible, co<strong>in</strong>surance<br />

rate, <strong>and</strong> co-payment for a office visit. I def<strong>in</strong>e an <strong>in</strong>surance plan as all observations<br />

with the same <strong>in</strong>surer, br<strong>and</strong> name, deductible, co<strong>in</strong>surance <strong>and</strong> co-payment. Table<br />

1.14 shows basic summary statistics for the data. The data set covers 41 states <strong>and</strong><br />

1,891 plans. The mean premium is $103 per month, the mean deductible is $3,351,<br />

<strong>and</strong> the mean co<strong>in</strong>surance rate is 15 percent.<br />

23 See form HC-092 on the MEPS website for a full description of the construction of this variable.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!