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CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 53 Table 1.2: Implied First Stage Estimates Dependent variable: ln(w (1) (2) (3) (4) Instruments Baseline instrument 1.00 (0.04) Homestead instrument 0.38 (0.06) Non-homestead instrument 1.10 (0.10) Historical homestead instrument Age group 1.41 (0.31) 35-44 -0.14 -0.14 -0.13 -0.12 (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) (0.02) 45-54 -0.20 -0.20 -0.20 -0.20 (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) 55-64 -0.23 -0.23 -0.21 -0.22 Family structure (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) (0.04) Couple -0.21 -0.21 -0.20 -0.22 (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) Single parent -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.00 (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) Couple with children -0.27 -0.26 -0.26 -0.26 Race (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04) Non-white 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.02 Education (0.02) (0.03) (0.02) (0.02) High school to some college 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.02) College or greater -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) S ) Income polynomial (4th order) Yes Yes Yes Yes State controls Yes Yes Yes Yes R-squared 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.89 N 20,265 20,265 20,265 17,418 F-statistic on excluded instrument 494.06 36.16 116.93 20.95 Prob > F 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Notes: The baseline instrument is mean log seizable assets for a constant, nationally representative sample of households as though they lived in that state. The homestead, non-homestead, and historical homestead instruments are constructed similarly using seizable home equity, non-homestead seizable assets, and seizable home equity under inflation-adjusted 1920 homestead exemption laws. The excluded demographic groups are age 18-34, single, less than high school, and white. The state controls are mean income, percent unemployed, and percent covered by Medicaid. Robust standard errors clustered at the state level in parentheses. Pooled 1999 to 2005 PSID excluding households with public insurance or a head age 65 or older. Inflation-adjusted to 2005 using the CPI-U.
CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 54 Table 1.3: Baseline Coverage Estimates (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ln(w S Dependent variable: Percent of household insured OLS 2SLS ) 6.13 2.45 2.36 2.63 8.80 5.43 5.38 6.15 Age group (0.37) (0.20) (0.53) (0.25) (2.27) (1.16) (0.95) (0.87) 35-44 4.48 3.98 4.48 3.49 4.28 3.32 (0.97) (0.93) (1.13) (1.10) (0.88) (1.60) 45-54 3.08 2.48 2.91 1.22 2.94 0.78 (1.04) (1.02) (1.34) (1.27) (0.98) (2.39) 55-64 8.03 7.44 8.48 4.53 7.79 4.42 Family structure (1.08) (1.05) (1.44) (1.81) (1.01) (3.63) Couple 5.38 4.76 6.55 5.05 5.29 5.89 (1.55) (1.43) (1.92) (1.48) (1.42) (1.95) Single parent 3.04 3.00 4.72 3.29 3.13 5.01 (1.55) (1.51) (1.92) (1.52) (1.48) (2.00) Couple with children 11.41 10.51 12.53 11.16 11.14 12.25 Race (1.51) (1.38) (1.96) (1.41) (1.37) (1.83) Non-white -6.34 -6.06 -5.85 -4.95 -5.86 -4.10 Education (0.76) (0.77) (1.01) (0.88) (0.82) (1.26) High school to some college 9.86 9.83 8.65 9.12 9.51 7.77 (1.88) (1.86) (2.37) (1.81) (1.83) (1.70) College or greater 11.79 12.03 10.76 10.35 11.94 8.91 (1.77) (1.73) (2.10) (1.68) (1.70) (1.86) Income polynomial (4th order) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Wealth polynomial (4th order) Yes Yes State controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes State premium index (log points) -1.15 -1.47 (0.91) (0.93) Instrument Baseline instrument Yes Yes Yes Yes R-squared 0.13 0.27 0.28 0.27 - - - - N 20,265 20,265 20,265 14,510 20,265 20,265 20,265 14,510 Notes: The dependent variable is the percent of household member-months insured. In the 2SLS specifications, the baseline instrument is mean log seizable assets for a constant, nationally representative sample of households as though they lived in that state. The excluded demographic groups are age 18-34, single, less than high school, and white. The state controls are mean income, percent unemployed, and percent covered by Medicaid. See text for a description of the premium index. All specifications include an indicator for the bottom-coding of seizable assets. Robust standard errors clustered at the state level in parentheses. Pooled 1999 to 2005 PSID excluding households with public insurance or a head age 65 or older. Inflation-adjusted to 2005 using the CPI-U.
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ESSAYS IN PUBLIC FINANCE AND INDUST
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I certify that I have read this dis
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insurance choice. Among other thing
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Acknowledgements I am deeply thankf
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Contents Preface iv Acknowledgement
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2.5.3 The Value of Plan Choice ....
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List of Tables 1.1 Asset Exemption
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4.9 First Week Contract Spending fo
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4.3 I.T. Contracting by Week ......
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Page 59 and 60: Payments CHAPTER 1. BANKRUPTCY 42 $
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CHAPTER 2. HEALTH PLAN CHOICE 111 F
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CHAPTER 2. HEALTH PLAN CHOICE 113 6
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Chapter 3 Private Coverage and Publ
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 119 be of intere
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 121 hazard for i
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 123 have benefit
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 128 We use boots
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 130 of costs and
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 132 policy that
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 134 3.6.2 Causal
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 136 3.6.3 Robust
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 138 calculated u
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 140 (10000,11000
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 142 Table 3.2: S
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 144 Table 3.4: H
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 146 Table 3.6: S
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 148 Table 3.8: R
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 150 Table 3.10:
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CHAPTER 3. MEDIGAP 152 Table 3.12:
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CHAPTER 4. YEAR-END SPENDING 154 bu
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CHAPTER 4. YEAR-END SPENDING 156 in
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CHAPTER 4. YEAR-END SPENDING 159 To
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CHAPTER 4. YEAR-END SPENDING 163 4.
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CHAPTER 4. YEAR-END SPENDING 165 or
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CHAPTER 4. YEAR-END SPENDING 167 ha
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CHAPTER 4. YEAR-END SPENDING 179 to
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