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Yo!Sushi. Most customers understand so little about Japan that they are<br />
unable to recognize the false experience anyway. ‘Yo! is meant to feel new<br />
and vibrant, to feel the way the British expect Japan to feel – young, modern<br />
and an itsy bit wacky, but with a hint of a historical connection.’ 44 The<br />
case of rotating sushi bars implies that the authenticity of the food served<br />
is of little significance in Europe for the commercial success of the restaurants<br />
marketed as ‘Japanese’.<br />
This is also the case with the newest player in the genre of ‘Japanese<br />
cuisine’ in Europe – the noodle bar Wagamama – which has gone beyond<br />
the sushi boom and elevated the globalization of Japanese cuisine to a next<br />
level. The official Wagamama cookbook published in 1994 declared that<br />
Wagamama is not supposed to be an authentic Japanese noodle<br />
bar. We are not concerned with tradition for its own sake,<br />
nor with cultural purity! We believe that to be a good student<br />
is not to reproduce the same recipe as one’s teacher, but to<br />
adapt it, reflecting the essence of our time and making it better<br />
by making it for ourselves and in our own way. 45<br />
Regular Japanese–English dictionaries translate wagamama as selfishness,<br />
self-indulgence, waywardness. However, many non-Japanese associate<br />
the word with the phrase ‘positive eating + positive living’ coined by the<br />
restaurant to stress the health-oriented philosophy of this new dining establishment.<br />
46 The company puts particular stress on the healthy appeal of the<br />
food it serves – from freshly squeezed fruit juices and a wide choice of vegetarian<br />
alternatives to the ability to cater for customers with food allergies.<br />
Wagamama calls itself a ‘noodle canteen’ and it certainly looks like<br />
one – an open space filled with communal wooden tables and benches (not<br />
chairs), with the capacity to sit up to 100–150 customers. It is an original<br />
creation of Alan Yau, the son of Cantonese immigrants who had run a<br />
Chinese take-away in Norfolk on the eastern coast of England. He has<br />
since left the company and gained fame as the creator and manager of the<br />
exclusive London restaurant Hakkasan, which is the first Chinese restaurant<br />
in Britain to be awarded a Michelin star, and currently counted as one<br />
of the most profitable restaurants in London. 47<br />
The first Wagamama venue opened for business in April 1992 and in<br />
April 2006 the enterprise operated 63 restaurants. Most of them are located<br />
in the uk (42), followed by Australia (11), the Netherlands (3), Ireland<br />
(2), and one each in New Zealand, Belgium, United Arab Emirates,<br />
Denmark and Turkey. The greatest challenge for the enterprise is going<br />
197