kigen, pp. 74, 80. 35 Basil H. Chamberlain, Japanese Things: Being Notes on Various Subjects Connected with Japan (1904) (Tokyo, 1971), p. 181. 36 Taitō Kuritsu Shitamachi Fūzoku Shiryōkan, ed., Rōjin ga tsuzuru Shitaya, Asakusa no Meiji, Taishō, Shōwa, daisankan (Tokyo, 1988), vol. ii, pp. 57–9. 37 Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore, Westward to the Far East: A Guide to the Principal Cities of China and Japan with a Note on Korea (n. p., 1894), p. 24. 38 Mennell, All Manners of Food, p. 206. 39 Tetsuka Kaneko, ‘Seiyō ryōrihō’, Joshi daigaku kasei kōgi, i/1 (1911), pp. 1–2. 40 Maenobō, Meiji seiyō ryōri kigen, pp. 90–97. 41 Ben Rogers, Beef and Liberty: Roast Beef, John Bull and the English Nation (London, 2003), pp. 170–72; See also C. Anne Wilson, ed., Eating with the Victorians (Stroud, 2004). 42 Ishige, The History and Culture of Japanese Food, p. 155. 43 Maenobō, Meiji seiyō ryōri kigen, pp. 49–50. 44 Ishige, The History and Culture of Japanese Food, p. 155. 45 Brian Moeran, ‘The Birth of the Japanese department Store’, in Asian Department Stores, ed. K. L. MacPherson (Richmond, Surrey, 1998), pp. 141–76. 46 Kerrie L. MacPherson, ‘Introduction: Asia’s Universal Providers’, in Asian Department Stores, pp. 1–33. 47 Hatsuda Tōru, Hyakkaten no tanjō (Tokyo, 1993), p. 118. 48 Clerk Tono, Shokudō nisshi (unpublished manuscript, 1933). 49 Hatsuda, Hyakkaten no tanjō, p. 121. 50 Watanabe Zenjirō, Kyōdai toshi Edo ga washoku o tsukutta (Tokyo, 1988), p. 222. 51 Shūkan Asahi, Meiji, Taishō, Shōwa nedan no fūzoku shi, vol. i, pp. 11, 23, 35, 47, 121, 125, 157. 52 Watanabe, Kyōdai toshi Edo ga washaku o tsukutta, pp. 221–4. 53 Kabushiki Gaisha Meidi-ya, Meidi-ya hyakunen shi (Tokyo, 1987), pp. 114–18. 54 Moeran, ‘The Birth of the Japanese Department Store’, p. 163. 55 Hatsuda, Hyakkaten no tanjō, p. 173. 56 For more information on ekiben, see Paul Noguchi, ‘Savor Slowly: Ekiben – the Fast Food of High-Speed Japan’, Ethnology, xxxiii/4 (1994), pp. 317–30. Three: Strengthening the Military 1 Hugh Cortazzi, Victorians in Japan: In and Around the Treaty Ports (London and Atlantic Highlands, nj, 1987), p. 76. 2 Aoba Takashi, Yasai no Nihon shi (Tokyo, 1991), pp. 189–200. 3 Kagome Hachijūnen Shi Hensan Iinkai, ed., Kagome hachijūnen shi (Nagoya, 1978), pp. 102–8. 4 Aoba, Yasai no Nihon shi, pp. 201–16. 5 Ōzawa Ichimori, Chōki keizai tōkei VIII: Bukka (Tokyo, 1973), p. 78. 6 ‘Yasai futsū sōba hyō’ Katei shūhō, 77 (1906), p. 3. 7 Bruce F. Johnston with Mosaburo Hosoda and Yoshio Kusumi, Japanese Food 206
Management in World War II (Stanford, ca, 1953), p. 27. 8 Ogi Shinzō et al., eds, Edo, Tōkyō gaku jiten (Tokyo, 1987), p. 502; Aoba, Yasai no Nihon shi, pp. 213–16. 9 Andrew Gordon, A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present (New York and Oxford, 2003), pp. 66–76; See also Gotaro Ogawa, The Conscription System in Japan (New York, 1921), pp. 3–69. 10 Fukuda Kenji, Kanie Ichitarō: Tomato kakō no senkusha (Tokyo, 1974), pp. 18–32; Gordon, A Modern History of Japan, p. 95 11 Ibid., pp. 34–64, 73–117. 12 Ibid., pp. 151–5; Kagome Hachijūnen Shi Hensan Iinkai, ed., Kagome hachijūnen shi (Nagoya, 1978), p. 154. 13 Nihon Kanzume Kyōkai, Kanzume raberu hakubutsukan (Osaka, 2002), p. 2. 14 Yamanaka Shirō, Nihon kanzume shi (Tokyo, 1962), vol. i, pp. 62–7, 83–4; Fumiko Fujita, American Pioneers and the Japanese Frontier: American Experts in Nineteenth- Century Japan (Westport, ct, 1994), pp. 15–41; Bekkai-chō Kyōdo Shiryōkan, Kaitakushi Bekkai kanzumejo (Bekkai, 2004), www.betsukai.gr.jp/homepage/ yakuba/510_kyoudo/kanzume (accessed 30 October 2005). 15 Shōwa Joshi Daigaku Shokumotsugaku Kenkyūshitsu, Kindai Nihon shokumotsu shi (Tokyo, 1971), p. 65. 16 Yamanaka, Nihon kanzume shi, pp. 657–71. 17 Katarzyna J. Cwiertka, ‘From Yokohama to Amsterdam: Meidi-ya and Dietary Change in Modern Japan’, in Japanstudien 12: Essen und Ernährung im Modernen Japan, ed. N. Liscutin and R. Haak (Munich, 2000), pp. 45–63. 18 R. W. Pilcher et al., ed., The Canned Food Reference Manual (New York, 1943), pp. 25–32; Jack Goody, Cooking, Cuisine and Class: A Study in Comparative Sociology (Cambridge, 1982), pp. 154–61; Mark William Wilde, ‘Industrialization of Food Processing in the United States, 1860‒1960’ (PhD thesis, University of Delaware, 1988), pp. 1–27; Martin Bruegel, ‘How the French Learned to Eat Canned Food, 1809–1930s’, in Food Nations: Selling Taste in Consumer Societies, ed. W. Belasco and P. Scranton (New York and London, 2002), pp. 113–30. 19 Simon Naylor, ‘Spacing the Can: Empire, Modernity and the Globalisation of Food’, Environment and Planning, a, 32 (2000), pp. 1625–39; J.A.G. Roberts, China to Chinatown: Chinese Food in the West (London, 2002), pp. 69–70, 86; Richard R. Wilk, ‘Food and Nationalism: The Origins of “Belizean Food”’, in Food Nations: Selling Taste in Consumer Societies, ed. W. Belasco and P. Scranton (New York and London, 2002), pp. 71–5. 20 Mark R. Finlay, ‘Early Marketing of the Theory of Nutrition: The Science and Culture of Liebig’s Extract of Meat’, in The Science and Culture of Nutrition, ed. H. Kamminga and A. Cunningham (Amsterdam and Atlanta, ga, 1995), p. 49. 21 Ōhama Tetsuya, Meiji no bohyō: Shomin no mita nisshin, nichiro sensō (Tokyo, 1990), pp. 26–8; Carl Mosk, Making Health Work: Human Growth in Modern Japan (Berkeley, ca, 1996), p. 54. 22 Adel P. den Hartog, ‘Modern Nutritional Problems and Historical Nutrition Research, with Special Reference to the Netherlands’, in European Food History: 207
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Modern Japanese Cuisine Food, Power
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Modern Japanese Cuisine Food, Power
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Contents Introduction 7 1 Western F
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A contemporary home meal. (Chikuzen
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multiculturalism in contemporary Ja
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themselves experts on it. They all
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entremets Pudding à la Diplomate M
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controlled the emperor. The only st
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Eating for ‘Civilization and Enli
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the daily life of the Palace at all
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The new faces, the old historical n
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was to become the crucial strategy
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concern ‘to preserve draft animal
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various types of meat indicates tha
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Westerners slaughtering and butcher
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Japanese enjoying beef stew, from K
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of the meat-eating taboo fitted per
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Foreign settlement house in Yokoham
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My health is miserable, my appetite
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Dining-room of the Grand Hotel in Y
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William Gray Dixon (1854-1928), who
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opened in 1863, may have been prece
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Prices of set menus at top Western-
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Poached eggs Omelettes Beefsteak Co
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uilding blocks for the new dining s
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Lunch room at the Takashimaya depar
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interconnectedness between food-pro
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Three Strengthening the Military Fa
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further inhibited their diffusion.
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the hope of increasing sales, Ichit
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in Meiji Japan. Yanagisawa Sakichi
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dwarfish - too small, in fact, for
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quo, by discarding the prevailing p
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usually consisted of a bowl of rice
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Modernizing Military Catering Berib
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availability of foodstuffs. Moreove
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Fried rice Boiled rice and barley s
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were easiest to procure on location
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in the military was also far above
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division (and its location) Imperia
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homogenizing effect of industrially
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Conscripts at table, 1938. new tast
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Soldiers preparing rice balls, 1937
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Although serving the interests of t
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‘A Page from the Accounting Book
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A middle-class family at dinner, a
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An urban working family at a shared
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An issue of the magazine Fujin zass
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ecame a standard sight at Western-i
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they affected the cooking practices
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to try new recipes and made homemak
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A weekly menu (side dishes to be se
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An array of methods was employed by
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were sweet azuki bean soup with mil
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The style is known nowadays under t
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However, the principles of beauty o
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Japanese home cookery for future ge
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City dwellers planting vegetables b
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The ‘Rising Sun Lunch Box’ (Hin
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conscription made modern nation sta
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made public on a daily basis by the
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menus - were propagated as an examp
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Ship’s biscuits factory, c. 1940s
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than rice (which became increasingl
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In the long run, the wartime ration
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Wartime communal cooking provided a
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Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World
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1955 Eiyō no seirigaku [Physiology
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Six The Culinary Consequences of Ja
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hishio, is recorded to have been us
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A Chinese servant waiting on Wester
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Chinatown restaurant. Only a handfu
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A typical rāmen restaurant in rura
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kyōkasho (‘Catering Textbook for
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was supplied, largely illegally, by
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historically embedded than is gener
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Kimch’i production in Japan, 1980
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- Page 202 and 203: References Introduction 1 Michael A
- Page 204 and 205: 6 Ōhama and Yoshihara, Edo, Tōky
- Page 206 and 207: 54 John Mertz, Novel Japanese: Spac
- Page 210 and 211: A Research Review, ed. H. J. Teuteb
- Page 212 and 213: Kinenkai, ed., Sūji de miru Nihon
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- Page 216 and 217: 61 Kumakura Isao, ‘Tea and Japan
- Page 218 and 219: 19 Imada Setsuko, ‘Dainiji sekai
- Page 220 and 221: 5 Noguchi Hokugen, ‘Shokumotsu ch
- Page 222 and 223: also Chōsen Sōtokufu Shokusankyok
- Page 224 and 225: Shokuryō Shinbunsha (Tokyo, 1990),
- Page 226 and 227: ed. K. J. Cwiertka with B.C.A. Walr
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