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54 John Mertz, Novel Japanese: Spaces of Nationhood in Early Meiji Narrative,
1870–1888 (Ann Arbor, mi, 2003), p. 4.
55 Donald Keene, ed., Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology (New York, 1956),
p. 32.
56 Watanabe Zenjirō, Kyōdai toshi Edo ga washoku o tsukutta (Tokyo, 1988), p. 190.
57 Ishige, The History and Culture of Japanese Food, p. 151; Ogi Shinzō et al., eds,
Edo, Tōkyō gaku jiten (Tokyo, 1987), p. 502.
58 Majima, ‘Nikushoku to iu kindai’, p. 218.
59 Mark R. Finlay, ‘Early Marketing of the Theory of Nutrition: The Science and
Culture of Liebig’s Extract of Meat’, in The Science and Culture of Nutrition, ed.
H. Kamminga and A. Cunningham (Amsterdam and Atlanta, ga, 1995), pp. 50–51.
60 Majima, ‘Nikushoku to iu kindai’, pp. 215–17.
61 Finlay, ‘Early Marketing of the Theory of Nutrition’, p. 48.
62 Gordon, A Modern History of Japan, pp. 78–9.
Two: The Road to Multicultural Gastronomy
1 James E. Hoare, Japan’s Treaty Ports and Foreign Settlements: The Uninvited
Guests, 1858–1899 (Sandgate, 1994), pp. 6–7.
2 Hugh Cortazzi with I. Nish, P. Lowe and J. E. Hoare, eds, British Envoys in
Japan, 1859–1972 (Folkestone, 2004), pp. 9–52.
3 Hoare, Japan’s Treaty Ports and Foreign Settlements, pp. 21–3.
4 James E. Hoare, Embassies in the East: The Story of the British Embassies in Japan,
China and Korea from 1859 to the Present (Richmond, Surrey, 1999), p. 7.
5 Hoare, Japan’s Treaty Ports and Foreign Settlements, p. 5. See also Susan
Schoenbauer Thurin, Victorian Travellers and the Opening of China, 1842–1907
(Athens, oh, 1999).
6 J.A.G. Roberts, China to Chinatown: Chinese Food in the West (London, 2002),
pp. 66–70.
7 Basil Hall Chamberlain and W. B. Mason, A Handbook for Travellers in Japan
(London, 1891), p. 10.
8 Major Henry Knollys, Sketches of Life in Japan (London, 1887), pp. 119–20.
9 Isabella L. Bird, Unbeaten Tracks in Japan: An Account of Travels in the Interior,
Including Visits to the Aborigines of Yezo and the Shrine of Nikko (Rutland, vt,
1973), p. 19.
10 Roberts, China to Chinatown, p. 75.
11 Mario Emilio Cosenza, ed., The Complete Journal of Townsend Harris: First
American Consul and Minister to Japan (Rutland, vt, and Tokyo, 1959), p. 377.
12 Ibid., p. 391.
13 Nagasaki Foreign Settlement Research Group, Nagasaki: People, Places and
Scenes of the Nagasaki Foreign Settlement 1859 to 1941, www.nfs.nias.ac.jp
(accessed 25 October 2005).
14 Kusama Shunrō, Yokohama yōshoku bunka kotohajime (Tokyo, 1999),
pp. 183–7, 194.
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