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The Revolt of Daskaloyiannis Of this the folk poet says nothing; in his account Daskaloyiannis offers to give himself up. Pantzelios is wrong too about the protopappas, who in the poem starts hostile to the revolt and ends up voluntarily accompanying Daskaloyiannis to the pasha. A further letter from the army’s secretary, written a fortnight after the preceding one, tells how the priest was captured and gave the Turks much information. The secretary quotes the priest’s words: Daskaloyiannis sent a message to the Muscovite: ‘The Mani, like Crete, is inaccessible land; and we have many men; we shall master Crete on our own,’ On the basis of this the Muscovite sent powder and shot. . . and said that soon he would send cannons, shells etc.; ‘For the time being, prepare yourselves and collect your army.’ . . , But instead of coming first to Crete, the Russian ships sailed to the Mani., ., After some time Daskaloyiannis sent another man to the Morea: ‘Why haven’t you appeared? Send us two ships. With them we could do wonders.’ The Muscovite general said in reply; ‘You are inferior to the Maniot army. They told me I could take Mani in three days, bat I can’t. . . . Mani must be taken first, and then I will come in person to Crete.’ So the Sphakians prepared, and they’re still waiting for the Russian ships. Lastly, Pantzelios gets the date of the execution wrong. In fact Daskaloyiannis lay in prison for about a year and was put to death in June 1771. In the poem his martyrdom immediately follows his defiance of the pasha. Now all these points, w<strong>here</strong> Barba Pantzelios departed from the historical facts as we know them from Turkish documentary evidence, serve one purpose; they help to make a heroic story. We can see just how Pantzelios does his own primitive plot-making. He rounds off the jagged corners of real life and constructs, half unconsciously, a story of irony and tragedy. The ingredients - a prosperous, untaxed, privileged community taking up arms for the sake of the Christians of Crete; the Christians’ representative forsaking his materialism, his arguments of expediency and compromise, at the last minute, and joining the rebel leader: and the rebel leader, Daskaloyiannis, showing the priest what his duties are. The plot is good. In Daskaloyiannis the poet portrays a character who took a step beyond the conventional arete - or simply, extraordinary bravery - to which his audience was accustomed. Christian selfsacrifice is part of his character. Daskaloyiannis, unlike his colleagues, who are typical Cretan palikaria, cannot see the point of fighting on when his surrender might save lives. Yet in the end, having made the noble gesture of surrender, he fails to see the implications of it; for if he 87
The Great Island had agreed to the pasha’s terms instead of turning stubborn and losing his temper, lives might have been saved. Thus with his final and futile defiance, his actions conform exactly with the conventional heroic philosophy which he earlier transcended. Which seems psychologically quite probable. Probable, but no more. In some of the short folk versions of the story Daskaloyiannis is a much less heroic figure. But Pantzelios’s picture is the most detailed, and t<strong>here</strong> is no other more reliable. Daskaloyiannis has come down in the memory of the Cretans as the archetype of the Hero. He corresponds in real history to Digenes, Alexander the Great and Erotokritos in folk-tale, legend and romance. As time passed, however, even Daskaloyiannis took on legendary features. Glorified by later generations, and magnified by folk poets, he is to be found in one short poem struggling with the enemy single-handed for three whole days - like Digenes struggling for his soul with Charos on the marble threshing floor.
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THE GREAT ISLAND
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Michael Llewellyn Smith The Great I
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To my Mother and Father
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Plates Eastern Crctc. The north coa
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1 Introduction I first saw Crete, w
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Introduction time from the tyranny
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Introduction And then they were dri
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The Great Island another. He is lik
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The Great Island he found himself i
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2 Roman, Byzantine and Arab Crete N
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The Great Island mother, sometimes
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The Great Island that bishop Titus
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The Great Island earth, which your
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The Great Island still renowned - a
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The Great Island Since the Prophet
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3 Venetian Crete In. the City and i
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The Great Island oppression and ext
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The Great Island the fifteenth cent
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The Great Island In the morning, Ka
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The Great Island political history
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4 Art under the Venetians What did
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The Great Island observed. Art hist
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Page 51 and 52: The Great Island Orthodoxy; traditi
Page 53 and 54: The Great Island The Proof by Water
Page 55 and 56: The Great Island Nor is the doctrin
Page 57 and 58: The Great Island mainland under Ott
Page 59 and 60: The Great Island Cretan painter, in
Page 61 and 62: The Great Island Toplou’s pride i
Page 63 and 64: 5 The Cretan Renaissance Constantin
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Page 69 and 70: The Great Island travellers and com
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Page 73 and 74: The Great Island Greece. And even S
Page 75 and 76: The Great Island With this light I
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Page 81 and 82: The Great Island disposed of an eff
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Page 85 and 86: The Great Island Turks were concent
Page 87 and 88: A dark age. 7 Turkish Crete What ca
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Page 91 and 92: The Great Island Turkish women had
Page 93 and 94: The Great Island rapacious, and in
Page 95 and 96: The Great Island It is pleasing tha
Page 97 and 98: The Great Island He said, ‘My dea
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Page 103 and 104: The Great Island The Cretans did no
Page 105 and 106: The Great Island King; Capodistria
Page 107 and 108: The Great Island mercial interests
Page 109 and 110: The Great Island near Rethymnon. Mu
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Page 119 and 120: The Great Island dragon who guards
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Page 123 and 124: The Great Island Byzantine general
Page 125 and 126: The Great Island This is of no grea
Page 127 and 128: The Great Island body wants to sing
Page 129 and 130: The Great Island way into the Greek
Page 131 and 132: The Great Island Here the nightinga
Page 133 and 134: The Great Island dialogue between t
Page 135 and 136: The Great Island verses, sticking s
Page 137 and 138: The Great Island Personally, I like
Page 139 and 140: 12 Sphakia - Impressions Spkakia. T
Page 141 and 142: The Great Island three-day struggle
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Page 149 and 150: The Great Island With flower of pur
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The Great Island We did not actuall
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The Great Island it. It is the will
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13 Sphakia - The Vampires Les habit
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The Great Island above Sphakia wher
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The Great Island night, and as a re
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The Great Island When they reach ho
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Western Cretan wedding The laouto (
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The Great Island was due to the vio
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The Great Island never saw a vampir
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The Great Island the saint’s day
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14 Return to Asi Gonia I went up to
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The Great Island Greek, on the assu
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The Great Island to. People do slee
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The Great Island the wheel, iron sh
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The Great Island Now Gyp ark is Emm
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The author with Aleko above the gor
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The Great Island free of them and m
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Epilogue At this point one thinks o
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The Great Island also because he wr
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The Great Island ‘Excuse me for s
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The Great Island When all is said a
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The Great Island Mani, by Patrick L
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The Great Island PASHLEY, ROBERT, T
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Du Boulay, Julie, 126, 128-30, 134,
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Skordylis, Syphis, 81 Smyrna disast
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