Pierre River Mine Project

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WATER AENV SIRS 15 – 43 Decay Rates (y -1 ) 10,000 1,000 100 10 1 0.1 Section 12.1 was slower than the observed persistence of ethylbenzene in river waters, with a decay rate of 6.94 y -1 (Zoetman et al. 1980). The anaerobic decay rate of 1.1 y -1 for tainting potential is based on the slowest degradation rate for ethylbenzene in groundwater (Wilson et al. 1986). A field-based study listed in CHEMFATE (SRC 2007) had a much faster anaerobic decay rate for ethylbenzene of 57 y -1 in a sand aquifer (Batterman and Werner 1984). The aerobic decay for acrylamide monomer (32 y -1 ) was derived from a study on natural and polluted water samples spiked with acrylamide at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The estimated decay rates ranged from 32 to over 1,000 y -1 (Brown et al. 1980; United Kingdom Environmental Agency [U.K.E.A. 2000]). The acrylamide monomer anaerobic decay rate of 8.4 y -1 was derived by the U.K.E.A (2000) based on an estimated half-life of 30 days in soil. Results of a microcosm study using oil sands tailings as a microbial inoculation source yielded faster anaerobic acrylamide decay rates, ranging from 19 to 31 y -1 at 22 ºC (Haveroen et al. 2003). Aerobic and anaerobic decay rates for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) groups were based on the lowest aquatic decay rate for any individual PAH in each group, regardless of whether the rates were derived from laboratory or fieldbased studies, as field-based results were not always available for similar environmental settings. The PAH degradation rates used in the assessment were generally orders of magnitude slower than other published rates (Figure AENV 19-1). 0.01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PAH Group Aerobic Rate Anaerobic Rate Aerobic Rate Used in EIA Anaerobic Rate Used in EIA Figure AENV 19-1: Aerobic and Anaerobic PAH Decay Rates The aerobic decay rate used for labile naphthenic acids was 3.2 y -1 . This rate is based on several studies that examined the decay of different fractions of naphthenic acids (Holowenko et al. 2002; Headley et al. 2002; Clemente et al. 2004; Scott et al. 2005). The anaerobic decay rate used for labile naphthenic acids was derived in consultation with Dr. Mike MacKinnon, Syncrude Canada April 2010 Shell Canada Limited 12-19 CR029
WATER AENV SIRS 15 – 43 References Section 12.1 Ltd., following methods outlined in Howard et al. (1991). A decay rate of zero (i.e., no decay) was applied to refractory naphthenic acids, although a recent study by Han et al. (2009) observed aerobic degradation of refractory naphthenic acids at approximately 0.05 y -1 in field studies at Syncrude’s experimental reclamation waterbodies. Batermann, G. and P. Werner, P. 1984. Removal of Underground Contamination by Hydrocarbons Through Microbial Degradation (GER).; GWF- Wasser/Abwasser. 125:366-73. Brown L., M. M. Rhead, K. C. C. Bancroft and N. Allen. 1980. Model Studies of the Degradation of Acrylamide Monomer. Water Research. 14:775-778. Clemente, S., M. D. MacKinnon, and P.M. Fedorak. 2004. Aerobic biodegradation of two commercial naphthenic acids preparations. Environmental Science and Technology. 38:1009-1016. Han, X., M. D. MacKinnon and J. Martin. 2009. Estimating the in situ biodegradation of naphthenic acids in oil sands process waters by HPLC/HRMS. Chemosphere. 76(1):63-70. Haveroen, M.E., M.D. MacKinnon and P.M. Fedorak. 2003. Acrylamide Biodegradation in Oilsands Tailing Samples. Poster Presentation to CONRAD Wetlands and Aquatics Working Group. Headley, J. V., S. Tanapat, G. Putz and K. M. Peru. 2002. Biodegradation Kinetics of Geometric Isomers of Model Naphthenic Acids in Athabasca <strong>River</strong> Water. Canadian Water Resources Journal. Vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 25- 42. Holowenko F. M., M. D. MacKinnon, and P. M. Fedorak. 2002. Characterization of Naphthenic Acids in Oil Sands Wastewaters by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry. Water Research. 36(11):2843-55. Howard, P. H., R. S. Boethling, W. F. Jarvis, W. M. Meylan and E. M. Michalenko. 1991. Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates. Lewis Publishers Inc. Chelsea, MI. Lee, R. F. and C. Ryan. 1979. Microbial Degradation of Organochlorine Compounds in Estuarine Water and Sediments. In: EPA-600/9-79-012. Microbial Degradation of Pollutants in Marine Environments. Bourquin, A. W. and P. H. Pritchard, Eds. Gulf Breeze, Florida. US EPA. pp. 443- 50. Scott, A. C., M. D. MacKinnon, and P. M. Fedorak. 2005. Naphthenic acids in Athabasca oil sands tailings waters are less biodegradable than commercial naphthenic acids. Environmental Science and Technology. 39:8388-8394. 12-20 Shell Canada Limited April 2010 CR029
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Application for Approval of the Pie
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PIERRE RIVER MINE SUPPLEMENTAL INFO
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CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Tabl
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INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW Table 1-1: Gu
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INTRODUCTION NAVIGABLE WATERS Secti
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INTRODUCTION NAVIGABLE WATERS Secti
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Section 2.2 ERRATA EIA, EIA UPDATE
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Section 2.2 ERRATA EIA, EIA UPDATE
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Section 2.3 ERRATA SUPPLEMENTAL INF
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Section 2.3 ERRATA SUPPLEMENTAL INF
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MINING AND PROCESSING ERCB SIRS 3 -
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AIR ERCB SIRS 40 - 45 Request 41b B
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AIR ERCB SIRS 40 - 45 Table ERCB 41
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AIR ERCB SIRS 40 - 45 Community Tab
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AIR ERCB SIRS 40 - 45 Local Study A
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AIR ERCB SIRS 40 - 45 Question No.
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WATER ERCB SIRS 46 - 79 Section 7.1
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WATER ERCB SIRS 46 - 79 Question No
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WATER ERCB SIRS 46 - 79 References
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EPEA APPROVALS AENV SIRS 90 - 96 Qu
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EPEA APPROVALS AENV SIRS 90 - 96 Se
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GLOSSARY CEAA The abbreviation for
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GLOSSARY ESR The abbreviation for e
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GLOSSARY landform The configuration
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GLOSSARY OSDG The abbreviation for
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GLOSSARY SEWG The abbreviation for
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