Fourth Study Conference on BALTEX Scala Cinema Gudhjem

More documents

Recommendations

Info

- 60 - Top Figure 1 (Piechura): Temperature distribution after the warm inflow event 2003 (Nov 2003, Jan 2004, Feb 2004, from top to bottom). Left Figure 2 (Piechura): Changes of temperature, salinity and current (speed, direction) in the Slupsk Furrow during December 2003.
- 61 - The Different Baltic Inflows in Autumn 2002 and Winter 2003 Rainer Feistel, Günther Nausch Baltic Sea Research Institute, Seestr. 15, D-18119 Warnemünde, rainer.feistel@io-warnemuende.de 1. Late summer inflow 2002 In August and September 2002, Germany and surrounding regions suffered from a lingering humid ‘Mediterranean’ heat period with calm southerly or south-easterly winds. Unusually frequently, so-called Vbor Adriatic Lows crossed the Alps northward and poured down torrential rains locally at an amount not seen for a century or longer, causing substantial flooding, human tragedies and economic damage. Between the end of June and the middle of September, moderate winds with easterly component prevailed over the western Baltic Sea. At the Darss Sill, for the same period of about 6 weeks the MARNET measuring mast recorded an almost permanent bottom layer of about 5 m thickness with salinities up to 22 psu and temperatures up to 18°C (Fig. 1). The Baltic Sea filling factor as indicated by the Landsort level gauge was constantly below average and showed only insignificant fluctuations but no sudden level rise as is typical for inflow events otherwise. Despite of the continuous surface outflow, substantial amounts of Kattegat waters were persistently flowing for more than eight weeks along the ground in the opposite direction and accumulating in adjacent deeper basins. Figure 1. Vertical salinity profile at the Darss Sill mast in autumn 2002 (color map), compared with Landsort sea level (white curve) This late-summer inflow of 2002 into the Baltic Sea was an extraordinary process in various respects: • according to the criteria of Franck et al. (1987), it is not even considered as a relevant major inflow for its low surface salinity at the Darss Sill; none the less, it left traces in various deep Baltic basins for several months; • it was apparently not driven by westerly gales and the related sea level differences between the Kattegat and the south-western Baltic; • its net salt inflow occurred in conjunction with a net volume outflow from the Baltic Sea; • it displayed a strong salinity stratification while passing the Darss Sill mast; • it was almost exclusively fed in by the Great Belt with extremely small contributions from the Sound; • its dynamic details have not yet been properly reflected by numerical models; • it coincided with the appearance of a very pronounced, permanent thermocline in the Belt Sea and widespread, severe oxygen deficiency conditions in its surface layer; • although it carried mainly oxygen-poor water over the Darss Sill, it did ventilate the previously anoxic Gdañsk Basin soon afterwards; • it brought exceptionally warm water into deep basins, for example, the warmest water on record at 100 m depth in the Gdañsk and Gotland Basins (Fig. 2); • its warm signals contrast in a remarkable way to the subsequent cold inflow of January 2003; • it had an unexpected impact on the ecosystem, which is currently still being investigated; • a comparable process has never before been described for the Baltic Sea. Figure 2. Above: T-S diagram of selected maximum temperature samples collected in autumn 2002. Symbols show the region (DS = Darss Sill, AB = Arkona Basin, BB = Bornhom Basin, SC = Stolpe Channel, GB = Gotland Basin) together with the sampling month. Red marks correspond to the August/September inflow, blue ones to the one in October. Below: T-O2 diagram for the same sample set.
Page 1 and 2:
Fourth Stu
Page 3:
Preface The 4 th Study</str
Page 7 and 8:
- I - Table of Abstracts Title Auth
Page 9 and 10:
- III - Sensitivity in Calculation
Page 11 and 12:
- V - Parameter Estimation of the S
Page 13 and 14:
- VII - The Realism of the ECHAM5.2
Page 15 and 16:
Adam, W. K. .......................
Page 17 and 18:
- 1 - Activities of the GEWEX Hydro
Page 19 and 20:
eference site archive (Cabauw, Neth
Page 21 and 22:
- 5 - Remote Sensing of Atmospheric
Page 23 and 24:
minute averages around the satellit
Page 25 and 26: - 9 - Precipitation Type Statistics
Page 27 and 28: - 11 - Assimilation of New Land Sur
Page 29 and 30: Multichannel Microwave Radiometer f
Page 31 and 32: output has been processed in an equ
Page 33 and 34: height dependence of the Z-R-relati
Page 35 and 36: - 19 - CERES and Surface Radiation
Page 37 and 38: - 21 - Coastal Wind Mapping from Sa
Page 39 and 40: - 23 - Clouds and Water Vapor over
Page 41 and 42: - 25 - Broadband Cloud Albedo from
Page 43 and 44: - 27 - Observation of Clouds and Wa
Page 45 and 46: shows a ground-track of the vessel
Page 47 and 48: - 31 - Determination and Comparison
Page 49 and 50: - 33 - Spatial Variability of Snow
Page 51 and 52: - 35 - EVA-GRIPS: Regional Evaporat
Page 53 and 54: - 37 - LITFASS-2003 - A Land Surfac
Page 55 and 56: -39- Calibrated Surface Temperature
Page 57 and 58: - 41 - The Marine Boundary Layer -
Page 59 and 60: - 43 - Characteristics of the Atmos
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2. Surface stress from two d
Page 63 and 64: During the experiment the water was
Page 65 and 66: While the number of smallest drops
Page 67 and 68: SCANDIA will not be supported any l
Page 69 and 70: - 53 - Relationships Between Precip
Page 71 and 72: - 55 - Analysis of the Role of Atmo
Page 73 and 74: - 57 - Meteorological Peculiarities
Page 75: Baltic Sea Inflow Events Jan Piechu
Page 79 and 80: - 63 - Observations of Turbulent Ki
Page 81 and 82: - 65 - The Influence of Synoptic Si
Page 83 and 84: -67- Improved Method for the Determ
Page 85 and 86: -69- The Helicopter-Borne Turbulenc
Page 87 and 88: - 71 - CEOP Reference Site Data fro
Page 89 and 90: - 73 - The BALTEX Hydrological Data
Page 91 and 92: - 75 - Hydrological and Hydrochemic
Page 93 and 94: -77- Sea-level Monitoring at MARNET
Page 95 and 96: 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 GO(CLD-M) ERA40 S
Page 97 and 98: Figure 2. Monhly mean values of lat
Page 99 and 100: In the case of an ideal fit, the co
Page 101 and 102: - 85 - Influence of Atmospheric For
Page 103 and 104: The largest inter-annual variabilit
Page 105 and 106: References Andrejev, O, Sokolov, A.
Page 107 and 108: On the other hand, if the stratific
Page 109 and 110: Cyberska 1989, Cyberska and Krzymin
Page 111 and 112: - 95 - Continental-Scale Water-Bala
Page 113 and 114: - 97 - ICTS (Inter-CSE Transferabil
Page 115 and 116: The subsurface flow calculation is
Page 117 and 118: functions only data with higher qua
Page 119 and 120: - 103 - Modelling the Impact of Ine
Page 121 and 122: - 105 - Objective Calibration of th
Page 123 and 124: - 107 - Validation of Boundary Laye
Page 125 and 126: - 109 - Simulated Dynamical Process
Page 127 and 128:
spreads along isobaths (fig.2). As
Page 129 and 130:
than the precipitation pattern of J
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 2. Long-term variability in
Page 133 and 134:
obvious from temperature charts. Ho
Page 135 and 136:
shortening of the winter seasons by
Page 137 and 138:
Maximum 5 day precipitation (mm) Nu
Page 139 and 140:
scale parameters the correlation be
Page 141 and 142:
similar: the locations of main mini
Page 143 and 144:
- 127 - Storminess on the Western C
Page 145 and 146:
- 129 - Trends in Wind Speed over t
Page 147 and 148:
- 131 - Wind Energy Prognoses for t
Page 149 and 150:
- 133 - Detection of Climate Change
Page 151 and 152:
Figure 3. Cross section of salinity
Page 153 and 154:
of 35 m/s up to 3 hours. Data on wi
Page 155 and 156:
Figure 2. Time series of Mean Sea L
Page 157 and 158:
- 141 - Calculation and Forecast of
Page 159 and 160:
- 143 - An Overview of Long-Term Ti
Page 161 and 162:
- 145 - Baltic Sea Saltwater Inflow
Page 163 and 164:
- 147 - Significance of Feedback in
Page 165 and 166:
Lindström, G., Johansson, B., Pers
Page 167 and 168:
- 151 - Air-Sea Fluxes Including Mo
Page 169 and 170:
- 153 - The Realism of the ECHAM5.2
Page 171 and 172:
- 155 - Figure 3. Accumulated total
Page 173 and 174:
Figure 2. Example for Fourier decom
Page 175 and 176:
Figure1. Modeled percent volume cha
Page 177 and 178:
conditions even more challenging th
Page 179 and 180:
surface heat fluxes close to zero.
Page 181 and 182:
- 165 - Figure 1. Modeled seasonal
Page 183 and 184:
- 167 - Present-Day and Future Prec
Page 185 and 186:
- 169 - Extreme Precipitation on a
Page 187 and 188:
at the stations Pärnu (Estonia) an
Page 189 and 190:
6. Results There are many possible
Page 191 and 192:
and vegetation, and to derive the h
Page 193 and 194:
The structure of water bodies cadas
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 1. The area of Gdańsk subje
Page 197 and 198:
- 181 - Climate and Water Resources
Page 199 and 200:
- 183 - Generating Synthetic Daily
Page 201 and 202:
The evapotranspiration is affected
Page 203 and 204:
Model parameters and coefficients:
Page 205:
3. Hydrodynamic model of nutrient l
Page 208 and 209:
No. 15: Minutes of 8 th Meeting of
show all

Fourth Study Conference on BALTEX Scala Cinema Gudhjem

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?