Industrialised, Integrated, Intelligent sustainable Construction - I3con

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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK 2 This paper examines the nature of construction and the crucial role that logistics plays in successful project delivery. It proposes how integrated, industrialised and intelligent logistics can help meet the diverse and increasingly demanding performance requirements imposed on the project teams that are creating the modern built environment. 166 What is construction? <strong>Construction</strong> is the transformational work that creates value for a client by joining together the elements of a building or structure in a particular sequence. It is primarily an assembly or a layering process, whether it is in the creation of a building, or a project such as a road or railway. Traditional construction is characterised by site production, where production is carried out at the final location of the product to be constructed. Any major construction project involves an incredibly diverse range of construction tasks from piling and substructure work to superstructure erection, building envelope installation, creation of the internal architecture and installation of the mechanical and electrical services that bring a facility to life. However, all construction tasks require the same seven pre-requisites in order for high quality work to be delivered in a safe and productive manner. These seven pre-conditions are illustrated below. The installation of a prefabricated steel reinforcement cage for a concrete pile cap has been employed to provide an example of a construction assembly task. Design information Components and materials Workforce Plant, tools & equipment Working space Connecting works External conditions Of course, the specific details of each of the seven input flows will change in accordance with the type of assembly task being undertaken. The specific requirements for the creation of reinforced concrete pile caps will be different from the installation of windows into a façade, but the seven generic inputs will be exactly the same. Whilst this set of seven common pre-requisites presents a simple checklist for project teams to employ during the management of construction works, it also illustrates a key problem that the construction industry needs to address in order to improve project performance. The problem is that traditional, site-based construction consists of assembly tasks that involve a high number of input flows. If any one of the seven input flows is missing or incomplete, this creates a constraint to the safe, effective and efficient execution of a particular assembly task, which may then affect the execution of another assembly task, and so on.
HANDBOOK 2 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Designing, planning and controlling the production process on a construction site is therefore an extremely difficult task, and consequently the time, cost, quality, safety and environmental performance on many construction projects can be highly variable. In response to the need to increase predictability of project delivery and improve project performance, construction professionals are becoming increasingly aware of the role that correctly executed logistics plays in delivering successful project outcomes for clients and for the companies involved in project delivery. What is construction project logistics? There are many different definitions of logistics. Each provides a different emphasis on the relationship of strategy, tactics, production and movement. This is illustrated by the definition examples shown below. ‘All the operations needed to deliver goods or services, except making the goods or delivering the services’ (Michael Baudin) ‘Logistics plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of use’ (The Council of Logistics Management) “The detailed coordination of a large and complex operation” (Oxford English Dictionary) ‘The management of materials flow through an organisation from raw materials t finished goods (Collins English Dictionary) ‘ The science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces. In its most comprehensive sense, the aspects of military operations that deal with: A. Design, development, acquisition, storage, transport, distribution, maintenance, evacuation and disposition of materiel 1 B. Transport of personnel C. Acquisition and furnishing of services D. Medical and health services support (NATO) Logistics does not add value itself. However, logistics enables value-creating work to flow by creating a production process and work environment in which construction assembly tasks can be undertaken efficiently, effectively, safely and with minimal environmental and social impact. For example, a construction client does not receive the cranes, hoists, scaffold structures, mobile working platforms, loading gantries, material handling equipment, delivery pit lanes and temporary road configurations that enable construction assembly tasks to be performed. Nor does it receive the detailed effort that a project team puts in to design the site production environment and plan the dynamic sequence of logical construction tasks that take place within this work environment. However, an operationally-ready building, delivered to the client’s time and cost requirements, would not be safely produced without this detailed logistical effort by the construction project team. In the context of construction projects, it is evident that logistics is about delivering the right products to the right place at the right time, faster and at lower cost. However, it is important to understand that construction project logistics involves much more than this. 1 In this context, materiel includes materials, tools, plant, equipment, vehicles, ammunition and fuel 167
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