Industrialised, Integrated, Intelligent sustainable Construction - I3con

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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK 2 Figure 6. Does FM ensure the design of a new building meets the needs of the end-user? The literature review highlighted the importance of the brief within the early project stages and the challenge when the end-user is unknown at the time of design. 81% of all respondents from a construction background claim that the knowledge of FM is not utilised at the briefing and design phases. Interestingly, FMs are said to be able to inform the construction process of end-user requirements and therefore present advantages to the process. Therefore, their lack of integration must be linked with the barriers. 39% of respondents agree that the FM can ensure the design of a new building meets the needs of the end-user, yet 81% highlight that their knowledge is not utilised. To understand the barriers restricting the inclusion of FM at the briefing and design phases of a construction project, the questionnaire administered to the construction industry included this parameter. Figure 7 shows the top three barriers within the questionnaire include client constraints (67%), lack of awareness of the parties involved (52%) and lack of knowledge (48%). The question included an open ended section to answer other possible barriers. The lack of information provides the assumption that the main barriers fall around these key areas. Client constraints are at a significantly higher level than other results which can be linked to the barriers to effective sustainability management. Clients are the driving force within construction projects as they usually pay for the operations and require certain specifications and design levels, even if they are not the end-users. The lack of awareness of the parties involved can be linked with the lack of awareness of what FM and sustainability actually incorporates and how it can contribute. The lack of knowledge of FM is a significant barrier which has been highlighted in much of the literature in the research, such as the work of Sunil Shah. This lack of knowledge can be focused around the lack of adequate knowledge of the construction processes, lack of knowledge of design factors and the lack of knowledge of end-user requirements. This can also be interpreted as the lack of knowledge of other construction professionals of the benefits the FM can bring at the design phases of construction. If the FMs do not have the knowledge of design and the requirements of the end-user, then their use within the early stages of the construction is severely limited and would provide little or no benefit. Financial constraints are a significant barrier for 43% of the construction organisations responding to the survey. Financial constraints can be linked to the cost of the services provided by the FMs and the perceived added costs of changing the traditional processes. If the knowledge of FM is brought into the construction process from a service providing organisation, then there is a potential debate between the professionals. Will the added costs be picked up by the design team in which the FM is adding to the process or the client who is developing the new facility? Time constraints are significant within 24% of organisations and linked with the tight timescales within all construction projects and the limitation of including operational knowledge at this stage. 226
HANDBOOK 2 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Figure 7. The barriers reducing the inclusion of FM in the Briefing and Design phases of construction There is substantial literature highlighting how FM can implement sustainable solutions within buildings and how efficiency within buildings can be achieved through effective management of facilities. The maintenance of buildings will reduce the level of fabric and services replacement within these buildings and provide a design which will meet the needs of future users. However, whether this can be a reality within the construction industry is not highlighted within the literature. Figure 8 illustrates the opinions of the construction professionals regarding whether FM can be a route to sustainable development. 76% of respondents agree with this theory. It can be assumed that this is the result if there were a reduction in the barriers to their implementation in the early phases of a construction project. Until the time, cost and knowledge barriers have all been reduced and awareness of the parties within a project regarding FM issues and benefits have been raised, then the potential of FM surely cannot be fully realised. Just 10% of the construction respondents disagreed with this theory. Based on these results, FM is a strong route to achieving sustainable development in the construction of new buildings and managing their decisions through the operational phases of construction projects. Organisations without a sustainability policy are the only respondents that disagree with the link between FM and sustainable development. Figure 8. Is the integration of the FM at the Briefing and Design phases of construction a route to achieving sustainable development? 227
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Industrialised, Integrated, Intelligent sustainable Construction - I3con

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