Security and Defense Studies Review 2010 Fall ... - Offnews.info

19. Hughes, Melanie M. (2007) “Understanding the Positive Effects of Civil War on Women’sParliamentary Representation.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American SociologicalAssociation, New York, New York. (http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p184371_index.html).Hughes describes the impact of war on women’s political representation throughseven examples of how war benefits women in four countries—Mozambique,Rwanda, Tajikistan, and Uganda. She provides case studies for each country to assistin understanding women’s political role. Hughes’ research focuses on countries thatare often ignored, which makes her work a valuable addition to current research.20. Jalalzai, Farida, and Mona Lena Krook. (2010) “Beyond Hillary and Benazir: Women’sPolitical Leadership Worldwide.” International Political Science Review 31. 5-21.The article surveys the increase of women in leadership positions in differentgovernments around the world, and the reasons women’s representation in thesepositions has increased in some countries, but not in others. The authors examine thedisparity between the number of female prime ministers and the number of femalepresidents in the world and explain possible reasons for that phenomenon, as well asexplore policy differences between countries that create different opportunities forwomen. The precise and well-founded research in this article makes it an importantresource for exploring women in leadership positions around the globe.21. Looney, Joseph D. (2004) “Military Leadership Evaluations: Effect of Sex, Leadership Style,and Gender-Role Attitudes.” Diss. Arizona State University, JSTOR. .Looney provides an examination of the relationships of numerous gender-roles,and studies 166 Air Force cadets’ ideas of military leadership performance basedon gender. The thesis provides a very complete compilation of previous researchand a sound comparison of it to Looney’s own findings. His work should definitelybe considered in further research considering women in leadership positions in themilitary.22. Looney, Joseph; Kurpius Robinson., and Leigh Lucart. (2004) “Military LeadershipEvaluations: Effects of Evaluator Sex, Leader Sex, and Gender Role Attitudes.” ConsultingPsychology Journal 56: 104-118.A survey was conducted to analyze the perception of women in business and militaryleadership positions, and, based on those perceptions, the likelihood of the individualsbeing surveyed to promote a man or a woman to a higher leadership position. Thesurvey showed that men are perceived as less able to lead in situations that requireemotional strength, and that women would be more likely to be promoted. Whilethe results of the survey are noteworthy, the reader might find the research a bitconfusing and ambiguously conducted.23. López, Adelfo Castillo. (2008) “La Mujer Militar.” Revista Ejército y Fuerza AéreaMexicanos. (http://www.airpower.au.af.mil/apjinternational//apj-s/2009/1tri09/castillo.htm).This article was written by a woman serving in the Mexican army in response to alot of the double standards that she said she experienced in the armed force. She isproud that her country offered her this opportunity to serve, yet remarks how womenare underappreciated and many times not taken seriously, regardless of their ranking.She details the versatility of a woman and makes clear that it is a mistake to think184Security and Defense Studies Review 2010 Fall-Winter Issue / Edicíón Otoño-Invierno 2010 / Edicão Outono-Inverno 2010 / Volume 11