Choir chimed in: “For me, yeah, like, it’s just an eye-opener. She was like a little superwoman . . .so full of energy <strong>and</strong> life, <strong>and</strong> she was just willing to do anything.” Family friend Faith Bell reflectedon what Perez will be remembered for: “Her tenacity . . . her passion for life. One of the things thatwas important to Emily was not the fear of death but the fear of not living.” 10One of Cadet Perez’s best friends <strong>and</strong> closet classmates at West Point was Tiffany Martin, whois now a research fellow at a government consulting firm in Northern Virginia. Tiffany provides anappropriate backdrop to her intimate assessment of Emily: “On August 20, <strong>2010</strong>, history was madeas the last U.S. Army combat brigade exited Iraq. Though fierce combat has significantly subsided,the courage, dreams, <strong>and</strong> valor of those that served <strong>and</strong> perished remain firmly in place. One of thosecourageous young people was Emily Perez.” 11 Regrettably, 2LT Perez never had the opportunity torise to the highest levels of the Army in terms of experience <strong>and</strong> seniority, but those who knew herwere confident she had what it takes to succeed as a military leader <strong>and</strong> nothing could have stoppedher from rising to the top.According to Martin, “Emily was a leader from the very beginning. Always loquacious, she wasa leader in her church where she started an HIV/AIDS ministry, <strong>and</strong> also worked on AIDS-relatedissues for the Red Cross. She was a leader in the classroom as well,” graduating from high schoolwith a GPA of 4.6 on a 5-point scale, which put her among the top ten graduates in her class. Thoughpart of an impressive family lineage of soldiers, Tiffany insisted that no clear signs pointed to Emilybecoming the adept military leader she ultimately proved to be. Her gr<strong>and</strong>father, Bill Gunter, servedwith the famed “Buffalo Soldiers” of the 24 th Combat Infantry Regiment, founded shortly after theend of the Civil War. Her great uncle, Eugene Harrison, was killed in action as a young Marine in theSouth Pacific in World War II, <strong>and</strong> another uncle, Elmer Sargent, retired from the Army as a sergeantmajor after serving in Operation DESERT STORM. 12Nevertheless, despite such military credentials among Emily’s forebears, Tiffany indicates that,as Emily arrived at the hallowed grounds of West Point for a summer leadership conference, shewas sure to tell her father, “Dad, I’m just doing this so I will have something to add to my resumé.”However, by the end of that week, Emily’s thought process had completely transformed, Tiffanyrecalled; she was captivated by the experience <strong>and</strong> committed to serving. “The intense camaraderieof the Corps of Cadets,” Tiffany recalls Emily saying, “reminded her of a family. She thoroughlyenjoyed the extreme competitiveness of being the best of the best.” 13 Emily’s father confirms Tiffany’srecollection that Emily had changed: “My wife <strong>and</strong> I had no idea or any sign from Emily that shewanted to go to West Point <strong>and</strong> pursue a military career. We were taken aback when mid-week ofthe academic workshop she began singing a different tune from what she stated was her objectivefor attending.” 14Soon after arriving at West Point on a more permanent basis <strong>and</strong> having survived Cadet BasicTraining (affectionately known as “Beast Barracks”), Cadet Perez <strong>and</strong> her colleagues barely had timeto adjust to the start of their first academic semester before the seminal event that led to them beingdubbed “The Class of 9/11.” For the next four years, these not-so-typical American college studentswere “steeled for war” <strong>and</strong> prepped in a way that their cadet predecessors had never been before.All USMA cadets realize that sooner or later, if they remain in uniform past their initial servicecommitment, they will likely be sent into harm’s way. For the Class of 9/11, however, the future wasmuch more definitive <strong>and</strong> uncomfortably close to a real, tangible war. Seventy-one percent of theclass branched into combat units <strong>and</strong> expected to deploy to Iraq or Afghanistan as little as one year10Sylvia Amegashie <strong>and</strong> Meghan Venable-Thomas, September 26, 2006, in Ibid.11Tiffany L. Martin, e-mail to Daniel Perez, August 24, <strong>2010</strong>, forwarded to author.12Tiffany L. Martin, op. cit., <strong>and</strong> Vicki Perez, e-mail to Daniel Perez, October 15, <strong>2010</strong>.13Martin, op. cit.14Daniel Perez, e-mail to author, October 15, <strong>2010</strong>.84<strong>Security</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Defense</strong> <strong>Studies</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>2010</strong> <strong>Fall</strong>-Winter Issue / Edicíón Otoño-Invierno <strong>2010</strong> / Edicão Outono-Inverno <strong>2010</strong> / Volume 11
following graduation. 15 Of course, the U.S. <strong>Defense</strong> Department’s prohibition against women officersjoining the traditional combat arms—infantry, armor, field artillery—meant that Emily, Tiffany, <strong>and</strong>the other female members of the class were branched primarily into the combat support <strong>and</strong> combatservice support arms (e.g., Martin chose Military Intelligence). Nevertheless, modern warfare of thetype so prevalent in the 21 st century, fueled by an asymmetric, non-conventional threat, resulted in ablurring of the lines between the so-called “frontline” combat troops <strong>and</strong> those supposedly in safersupport roles. The fate of Emily <strong>and</strong> scores of other women officers in Southwest Asia proves thatthere is no clear-cut front line any longer. All soldiers are in harm’s way <strong>and</strong> subject to being targetedby an enemy that does not adhere to the accepted rules of war.According to Martin, while at West Point, Emily continued to excel. Majoring in sociology, sheenjoyed singing in the Gospel Choir <strong>and</strong> participating on the women’s track team in such events asthe 100-meter <strong>and</strong> 200-meter sprints, the triple jump, <strong>and</strong> the 4x100-meter relay. During infrequentbreaks from the rigors of the Academy, Emily loved to spend time with her family <strong>and</strong>, in particular,her nephews. “They were the object of her intense affection, <strong>and</strong> her room <strong>and</strong> computer were filledwith pictures bearing their images.” 16 Emily was also a member of STARS, a tutoring program, <strong>and</strong>was a co-founder of the West Point Dance Team. She was also a member of the Officers of ChristianFellowship. 17“Though challenges rose in abundance,” Martin insists, “Emily never quit. One of her greatesttraits was tenacity,” a word that continually surfaces in descriptions of Perez. Part of what made herthe confident person she epitomized was her strong faith. “Her inspiration in life <strong>and</strong> her courageto do the right thing stemmed from her belief in God, <strong>and</strong> her belief that she could be a catalyst forchange. She believed in leading from the front, leading by example, <strong>and</strong> she honestly yearned forno earthly rewards, but heavenly ones.” 18 This author can add how important religion is to WestPoint cadets. At the time he attended the Academy, m<strong>and</strong>atory chapel for all cadets was still ineffect, as it had been for virtually the entire history of the school, but in the early 1970s the policywas reversed as a result of a series of legal challenges. M<strong>and</strong>atory chapel was abolished about threeyears before the first women arrived in 1976. Yet, as witnessed by the author who returned in thelate 1970s to serve on the faculty for three years, a large number of cadets still were attending chapelregularly, joining the various choirs, serving as Sunday School teachers, <strong>and</strong> voluntarily participatingin other religion-based extracurricular activities. Religious faith, though justifiably separated fromgovernment service in the U.S., is considered a vital component of being a good soldier <strong>and</strong> a solidcitizen by an overwhelming majority of West Point cadets <strong>and</strong> graduates.One of the challenges faced by Cadets Perez <strong>and</strong> Martin was being two of only a couple hundredwomen at the Academy. The proportion of female cadets—generally in the 12 percent to 18 percentrange for most recent classes—is far below the proportion of women in the U.S. population, <strong>and</strong>even within the U.S. Army at large. Women are still a distinct minority at all the U.S. federal serviceacademies. Emily overcame this seeming disadvantage by rising to become the Sergeant Major ofthe Beast Barracks cadre, then Brigade Sergeant Major, Regimental Sergeant Major <strong>and</strong>, finally, thefirst female minority member ever to hold the position of Comm<strong>and</strong> Sergeant Major of the entireCorps of Cadets, 19 itself around 4,000 strong. Emily leaned heavily on support from two of herrole models—Comm<strong>and</strong> Sergeant Major Mary Sutherl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> her replacement, Comm<strong>and</strong> SergeantMajor Michael Bergman—“each of whom took Emily under their wing <strong>and</strong> provided her professional<strong>and</strong> personal mentorship <strong>and</strong> guidance.” Martin went on to observe that Emily also adored her fatherDaniel, the dedicated Army NCO, whom she had grown up emulating. According to Martin, “Emily15Gibbs <strong>and</strong> Thornbaugh, Time, p. 30.16Martin, e-mail to Daniel Perez, August 24, <strong>2010</strong>.17Martin, e-mail to author, August 26, <strong>2010</strong>.18Martin, e-mail to Daniel Perez, August 24, <strong>2010</strong>.19Ibid.<strong>Security</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Defense</strong> <strong>Studies</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>2010</strong> <strong>Fall</strong>-Winter Issue / Edicíón Otoño-Invierno <strong>2010</strong> / Edicão Outono-Inverno <strong>2010</strong> / Volume 11 85
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CommentariesSecurity Cooperation Be
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ministerial para la equidad de gén
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BibliografíaBarrancos, Dora (2007)
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Anexo IPaísIncorporación Femenina
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Anexo IIMujeres militares sudameric
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Todo un conjunto de cualidades, cap
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500 y durante la Batalla de Sarand
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miembros de la soberanía de la Nac
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all American hostages were released
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I am referring to Ibero-American Su
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sustraer mi producción intelectual
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hombres (22,288).• Inclusión. Al
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assignment on the U.S. Secretary of
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goods, and skilled labor must all b
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country” like North Korea. To be
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views of women, in effect disabling
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Marine Col. William T. Hewes’ arg
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19. Hughes, Melanie M. (2007) “Un
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MacEoin. Commonweal 14: 8-11.This i
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37. Sans Echaìniz, María. (1992)
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47. Woodward, Rachel, and Patricia
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To the Editor:Kevin P. Newmeyer’s
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Whitney Hoft was a Center for Hemis
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The transformation of the role of w
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en Puerto Rico, esta soldada resume
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Deconstruyendo a Ollie: Cómo los c
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