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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm (jzeti u.s. terror claim is blow to Iran reformists By}olm Want Andenoo ~ TIle ~ FCIIt ~ .. ISTANBUL: American claims ~t Iran is t;:; . part of an "axis ol evil" supporting interna- >b tional terrorism have damaged Iran's t. fleclgliq democratic reform movement and l::l ~ore. coml'lex battle reformers are waf gmg against religious hard-liners, according il to political analysts and Western diplomats. ~ The accusation, leveled by President ~ George W. Bush in his State of the Union adâ dress on Jan. 29,put Western-leaning officials :@. in Iran on the defensive and forced them to E-ol join with conServative clerics in condemning 'Q the United States and defending their govern- 1! ment, political observers in Iran said. ~ In a remarkable reaction to Bush's com- ::z:: ments, tens of thousands of protesters inter- 1rupted a speech Monday by the Iranian pres- Q ident, Mohammed Khatami, with chants of ~ "Death to Americal" That slogan usually is I shouted during speeches by hard-line clerics, t not during an address by Iran's leading re- formist and chief advocate of strengthening ties with the West. Khatami and his allies control the elected, administrativë wings o( the Iranian state, and their moderate, conciliatory approach to politics in recent years has largely ended the country's decades of international isolation and repaired its negative image abroad. But they have been locked in a desperate battle against conServative clerics, who under Iran's Islamic theocracy possess most of the real power and have blocked Khatami's efforts to oS enact political, social and religious reformS. Coming on the heels of the president's speech and at least partly because of it, analysts said, Iran on Friday rejected Britain's proposed neWamMcsador, plJlDgingrelations between the two countries to their lowest point since they restored official contacts in 1998. The reJection came even though British officials have distanced themselves from Bush's "axis of evil" comment, indicating that Iranian conservatives have the upper hand over reformists, even in the international arena, analysts said. "This was immensely damaging. It really, really hurt Khatami," said a Western diplomat in Tehran who was interviewed by telephone. "Iran had been engaging in constructive diplomacy since Sept. 11 - as constructive as anyone. Now, the conservatives are all saying, 'See, we told you they'd screw you in the end.'" Tensions between reformists and conservatives had reached new heights even before Bush's speech. Some analysts have interpreted his remarks as a sign that his administration has written off Khatami and his reform movement as a spent force. "This really reversed the course of what was happening between the conservatives and reformists," who seemed to be moving toward decisive showdowns on a host of issues, said a political analyst in Tehran. "There were all these exciting things going on, and George Bush came in and basically wrecked it. Now they are all standing shoulder to shoulder:." Iranian officials aD8!ily denied Bush's accusations and challenged the United States to produce evidence backing the claims. Despite the denials, many foreign analysts accept that Iran is trying to develop nuclear W9pons and has stockpiles of chemical weapons. Critics ofU.s. claims that Iran is behind international terrorism say distinctions should be drawn between the government of Iran and hard-liners who apparently act without the approval or even knowledge of elected officials. . . Additionally, many Muslim countries and some U.S. alhes say the key reason Iran is blamed for supporting terrorism is that it backs Palestinian FUps fighting Israel. Iran and other counmes see this as legitimate backing for a nationalliberation movement. Analysts say any official involvement by Iran in terrorism would likely be endorsed in secret by institutions that ultimately fall under the control of Ayatollah Sayed Ali Khamenei, Iran's top political and religious authority. Unelected, conservative clerics under Khamenei control the military and intelligence services, the judiciary, state broadcasting agencies and religiousoversight panels that often veto reforms approved by the elected government. The conservatives adamantly oppose normalizing relations with the United States and often have been accused of supporting and exporting terrorism. Bush seemed to point to the conservatives in his speech, saying that "Iran aggressively pursues these weapons and exports terror, while an unelected few repress the Iranian people's hopes for freedom." Bush isn't Clinton • By Jim Hoagland Talk of toppling Saddam is serious ~ WASHINGfON ~For more than a decade, oô Americans have been told by. .... officials of three administraê tions that ending the deadly ~ . and unique threat that Iraq's Ba'athist il regime poses to U.S. interests was not ~ urgent. This was never true. Iraq is America's most important unfinished, ~ business abroad. j Gèorge w. Bush's recognition of a •- reality that so many worked so hard ~ for so long to obscure has rallied his :sa own officials to a still evolving policy e of regime change in Iraq. No longer ~ are we told by Colin Powell and others == that Saddam Hussein is "in a box." 1 Now we are told that the Ira9i dictator ~ must be ousted through diplomatic, ~ political or military means. = There may be less immediate ~ change ~n meets the eye. In the .... weeks and months just ahead, both Washington and BadIdad will engage in set pieces of posturing and playing for time during a period of phony war, phony peace. If you get confused by plans to ."smarten" economic saDftions. on Iraq, implied promises to renew weapons inspections there or Iraqi officials ostentatiously paying court to UN Secretary-General Kafi Annan, then you will have been paying attention. Much of this is dust ln the eyes. But there are key points on which to focus as premature war whoops from hawks and equally uninformed warnings of disaster £rom doves compete for your attention. The president's clear emphasis on Iraq recently is a significant positive change in itself. It puts Saddam on notice: Helping Al Q.aeda or any other terrorists to develop or acquire the weapons of mass destruction that Iraq has or covets willlead to immediate and devastating reprisal. That is language that the Iraqi just may understand, for a while at least. Bush is conducting a serious review. The Russians, the French and others may not like the results, but they should respect the rigor and deliberativeness of the process as it unfolds rather than trash American impulsiveness. Vice. President Dick Cheney's trip next month to the Middle East is designed to advance final deCisionmaking in Wash~on by shoring up frayed relations With the Saudis and other regionalleaders - not to carry to them hastily drafted options and specific operational requests. The three to six months needed to train and equip Iraqi dissidents to play . a significant role in toppling Saddam can be put to good use for other purposes as weIL Ahmed Chalabi, a senior figure in the Iraqi National Congress, is urging the Bush administration to give his organization training in ciril 71
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti admJnistratlon as weÏl as in military . tactics. Chalabi wants to prevent a Kabul-type sud4en collapse and a chaot- . ic transition. . Neither Amèricans nor _foreigners should fall into the trap o(setting Iraq up as a symbol of American power. \'fhis confrontation is about Saddam' Hussein's indisputable record of using wài', terror' alld weapons of mass destruqion as his' only instruments of policy. The long, costly and misguide
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