املراجع O. Kamm, “New Labour: The Tyranny of Moderation”, Index on Censorship, 36/2 (2007), 84. R. A. Posner, “The Speech Market and the Legacy of Schenck”, in L. C. Bollinger and G. R. Stone (eds.), Eternally Vigilant: Free Speech in The Modern Era (London: University of Chicago Press, 2002), p. 136. Ali’s attack on Islamic teaching is from A. H. Ali, Infidel: My Life (London: The Free Press, 2007), p. 314. Further citations from Ali are from A. H. Ali, The Caged Virgin: A Muslim Woman’s Cry for Reason (New York: Free Press, 2006), pp. 157, 141, and 154. K. Malik, “Don’t Incite Censorship”, Index on Censorship, 36/2 (2007), 81. الفصل الرابع For the controversial definition of pornography, see C. MacKinnon, Only Words (London: HarperCollins, 1995), p. 87. F. Schauer, Free Speech: A Philosophical Enquiry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 181. The MacKinnon quotation concerning pornography as a free speech issue can be found on p. x of Only Words, the “desperate women” quotation on p. 14, and “living out” pornography on p. 13. B. Williams (ed.), Obscenity and Film Censorship: An Abridgement of the Williams Report (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 57. The “negative liberty” quotation is from R. Dworkin, “Liberty and Pornography”, New York Review of Books, 38/4 (15 Aug. 1991). “Liberals defend pornography” is from R. Dworkin, “Women and Pornography”, New York Review of Books, 40/17 (21 Oct. 1993). Mapplethorpe is cited in A. Mahon, Eroticism and Art (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 230-1. 103
<strong>حرية</strong> التعبري الفصل الخامس R. A. Posner, “The Speech Market and the Legacy of Schenck”, in L. C. Bollinger and G. R. Stone (eds.), Eternally Vigilant: Free Speech in the Modern Era (London: University of Chicago Press, 2002), p. 150. C. R. Sunstein, “The Future of Free Speech”, in L. C. Bollinger and G. R. Stone (eds.), Eternally Vigilant: Free Speech in the Modern Era (London: University of Chicago Press, 2002), p. 285. الخاتمة The Socrates quotation is from Plato, The Apology 37e–38b, Last Days of Socrates, rev. H. Tarrant (London: Penguin, 2003). H. Kennedy, “Postscript”, in L. Appignanesi (ed.), Free Expression is No Offence (London: Penguin in association with PEN, 2005), p. 246. R. Dworkin, “The Right to Ridicule”, New York Review of Books, 53/5 (23 Mar. 2006). 104