Grafiken und Statistik in R

4.4 Clusteranalyse
similarities
distances
Referenz/Name Gleichung -Funktion
Fortsetzung Indizes S und D ...
4 Statistik
D3 Chord Distanz vegdist(decostand(x,
"norm"),
"euclidean") vegan
D4 geodesic Metrik
D5 Mahalanobis generalized Distanz mahalanobis(’stats’),
distance(’ecodist’)
D6 Minkowski Distanz dist(x, method =
"minkowski") stats
D7 Manhattan-Metrik Metrik dist(x, method =
"manhattan") stats
D8 Durchschnittliche Differenz Cze-
kanowski (1909)
D9 index of association Whittaker
(1952)
D10 Canberra Metrik dist(x, method =
"canberra") stats
D11 coefficient of divergence Clark
(1952)
D12 coefficient of racial likeness Pearson
(1926)
D13 nonmetric coefficient Watson,
Williams und N. (1966)
D14 nonmetric coefficient Watson,
Williams und N. (1966)
χ2-Metrik D15
D16 Chi Qua drat (X 2 ) Di stanz decostand(x,
method="chi.square") 23
D17
Hellinger Distanz
Tabelle 4: Eine Übersicht über Clustermethoden aus Legendre und Legendre (1998) soll helfen die richtige
Entscheidung zu treffen
vegan
Methode pro & contra Beispiele in der Ökologie
Hierarchical agglomeration:
linkage clustering
Single linkage amap-Paket:
hcluster(..., link =
"single")
Complete Linkage amap-
Paket: hcluster(...,
link = "complete") (see
also species association
page 114)
on
23 ? weiß nicht, ob das stimmt
112
Pairwise relationships among the objects
are known.
Computation simple; contraction of
space (chaining); combinatorial method.
Dense nuclei of objects; space expansion;
many objects cluster at low similarity;
arbitrary Eules to resolve
confficts; combinaturial method.
...Fortsetzung umseitig
Good complement to ordination.
To increase the contrast among clusters.