Advances in Fingerprint Technology.pdf

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85. Summerly, R., Yardley, H. J., Raymond, M., Tabiowo, A., and Ilderton, E., The lipid composition of sebaceous glands as a reflection of gland size. Br. J. Dermatol., 94, 45-53, 1976. 86. Cunliffe, W. J., Cotterill, J. A., and Williamson, B., Skin surface lipids in acne. Br. J. Dermatol., 85, 496, 1971. 87. Robertshaw, D., Apocrine sweat glands. In Goldsmith LA, Ed. Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of the Skin. 2nd Ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. 88. Shelley, W. B., Apocrine sweat. J. Invest. Dermatol., 17, 255, 1951. 89. Knowles, A. M., Aspects of physiochemical methods for the detection of latent fingerprints. J. Phys. E. Sci. Instrum., 11, 713-721, 1978. 90. Toth, I. and Faredin, I., Steroid excreted by human skin. II. C 19-steroid sulfates in human axillary sweat. Acta Med. Hung., 42, 21-28, 1985. 91. Labows, J. N., Preti, G., Hoelzle, E., Leyden, J., and Kligman, A., Steroid analysis of human apocrine secretion. Steroids, 34, 249-258, 1979. 92. Yamamoto, A., Serizawa, S., Ito, M., and Sato, Y., Effect of aging on sebaceous gland activity and on the fatty acid composition of wax esters. J. Invest. Dermatol., 89, 507-512, 1987. 93. Ramasastry, P., Downing, D. T., Pochi, P. E., and Strauss, J. S., Chemical composition of human surface lipids from birth to puberty. J. Invest. Dermatol., 54, 139-144, 1970. 94. Kärkkäinen, J., Nikkari, T., Ruponen, S., and Haahti, E., Lipids of vernix caseosa. J. Invest. Dermatol., 44, 333-338, 1965. 95. Miettienen, T. A. and Lukkäinen, T., Gas-liquid chromatographic and mass spectroscopic studies on sterols in vernix caseosa, amniotic fluid and meconium. Acta Chem. Scand., 22, 2603–2612, 1968. 96. Forest, G. M. and Bertrand, J., Sexual steroids in the neonatal period. Steroid Biochem., 6, 24-26, 1975. 97. Stewart, M. E. and Downing, D. T., Measurement of sebum secretion rates in young children. J. Invest. Dermatol., 84, 59-61, 1985. 98. Sansone-Bazzano, G., Cummings, B., Seeler, A. K., and Reisner, R. M., Differences in the lipid constituents of sebum from pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects. Br. J. Dermatol., 103, 131-137, 1980. 99. Pochi, P. E., Strauss, J. S., and Downing, D. T., Skin surface lipid composition, acne, pubertal development, and urinary excretion of testosterone and 17-ketosteroids in children. J. Invest. Dermatol., 69, 485-489, 1977. 100. Pochi, P. E., Strauss, J. S., and Downing, D. T., Age related changes in sebaceous gland activity. J. Invest. Dermatol., 73, 108-111, 1979. 101. Kellum, R. E., Strangfeld, K., and Ray, L. F., Acne vulgaris. Studies in pathogenesis: triglycerides hydrolysis by C. acnes in vitro. Arch. Dermatol., 101, 41-47, 1970.
102. Jacobsen, E., Billings, J. K., Frantz, R. A., Kinney, C. K., Stewart, M. E., and Downing, D. T., Age-related changes in sebaceous wax ester secretion rates in men and women. J. Invest. Dermatol., 85, 483-485, 1985. 103. Cunliffe, W. J. and Schuster, S., Pathogenesis of acne. Lancet, 1 (7597), 685-687, 1969. 104. Strauss, J. S. and Pochi, P. E., The quantitative gravimetric determination of sebum production. J. Invest. Dermatol., 36, 293-298, 1961. 105. Plewig, G. and Kligman, A. M., Proliferative activity of the sebaceous glands of the aged. J. Invest. Dermatol., 70, 314-317, 1978. 106. Cuthbertson, F., The chemistry of fingerprints. AWRE Report, SSCD Memorandum SAC/8/65, 1965. 107. Cuthbertson, F., The chemistry of fingerprints. AWRE Report No. 013/69, 1969. 108. Wilson, J. D. and Darke, D. J., The results of analyses of the mixtures of fatty acids on the skin. Part 1. commentary. AERE Report No. G 1154, ca. 1978. 109. Noble, D., Vanished into thin air: the search for children’s fingerprints. Anal. Chem., 67, 435A-438A, 1995. 110. Witze, A., Scientists do detective work on kid’s fingerprints. Dallas Morning News. 21 April 1997, pp. 8D, 10D. 111. Noble, D., The disappearing fingerprints. Chem Matters. February, 9-12, 1997. 112. Fletcher, J. A., Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Identification of the Chemical Composition of Fingerprints, unpublished report, 1994. 113. Schultz, C. S., Determining the Chemical Composition of Children and Adult’s Fingerprints Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, unpublished report, 1994. 114. Buchanan, M. V., Asano, K., and Bohanon, A., Chemical characterization of fingerprints from adults and children. SPIE Photonics East Conf. Proc., 2941, 89-95, 1996. 115. Robinson, S. and Robinson, A. H., Chemical composition of sweat. Physiol. Rev., 34, 215, 1954. 116. Mong, G. M., Petersen, C. E., and Clauss, T. R. W., Advanced fingerprint analysis project. Fingerprint constituents. PNNL Report 13019, 1999. 117. Bramble, S. K., Separation of latent fingermark residue by thin-layer chromatography. J. Forensic Sci., 40, 969-975, 1995. 118. Jones, N. E., Davies, L. M., Brennan, J. S., and Bramble, S. K., Separation of visibly-excited fluorescent components in fingerprint residue by thin-layer chromatography. J. Forensic Sci., 45, 1286–1293, 2000. 119. Davies, L. M., Jones, N. E., Brenna J. S., and Bramble, S. K., A new visiblyexcited fluorescent component in latent fingerprint residue induced by gaseous electrical discharge. J. Forensic Sci., 45, 1294–1298, 2000.
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Advances in Advances Fingerprint Te
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Advances in Fingerprint Technology
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Preface The first edition of this b
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Acknowledgments We gratefully ackno
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Table of Contents Preface Acknowled
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History and Development of Fingerpr
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Figure 1.2 Basic fingerprint patter
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Figure 1.3 Portion of the prehensil
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Figure 1.4 Elliptical whorl. Theory
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The bricks, carefully laid and accu
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the megalithic builders, including
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made most of them. These “identif
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Figure 1.6 Nehemiah Grew. (Drawn by
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Figure 1.7 Right palm imprint in pl
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By kindly words of persuasion a ref
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Loop: Now if this oblique stripe by
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Figure 1.11 Dr. Ivan Vucetich. (Dra
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Sir Edward Henry and Sir William He
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in charge he undoubtedly supported
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1. Finding finger imprints on prehi
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Faulds edited seven issues of a fin
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much of his inspired research. For
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to the unrelenting efforts of Steeg
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and gathered around him a nucleus o
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I find that portions of palm imprin
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Identification of Latent Prints ROB
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Without it, no amount of further la
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work will quite often fare badly un
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Figure 2.3 Polygon method. Overlay
Page 62 and 63: Experience and Skill Although the t
Page 64 and 65: The initial identification of the l
Page 66 and 67: D5 D6 D7 I2 D8 D9 D10 No No No Reco
Page 68 and 69: D11 I4 No D12 D11 I5 D12-1 D7 D12-2
Page 70 and 71: D14 I7 D16 C3 D11 D14-2 D7 D14-3 C2
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.7 Example of pressure dist
Page 74 and 75: 9. Mairs, G., Novel method of print
Page 76 and 77: DNA From Latent Prints DNA From Blo
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3.1 A schematic diagram show
Page 80 and 81: Figure 3.3 A schematic diagram of t
Page 82 and 83: (5 to 12 µg/L), bromide (0.2 to 0.
Page 84 and 85: electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) include
Page 86 and 87: Table 3.3 Anatomical Variation in t
Page 88 and 89: Various oxidative and bacteriologic
Page 90 and 91: acid content can change with time i
Page 92 and 93: are of sebaceous origin. 82 Approxi
Page 94 and 95: Table 3.7 Changes in Surface Lipid
Page 96 and 97: gland’s activity. The more active
Page 98 and 99: content. 108 Palmitic acid was foun
Page 100 and 101: Figure 3.4a A chromatogram of a fin
Page 102 and 103: various lipid classes found in a la
Page 104 and 105: of DNA using RFLP. 130 No adverse e
Page 106 and 107: was later found to be caused by the
Page 108 and 109: 17. Seutter, E., Goedhart-De Groot,
Page 110 and 111: 52. Downing, D. T., Strauss, J. S.,
Page 114 and 115: 120. Duff, J. M. and Menzel, E. R.,
Page 116 and 117: 149. Kloosterman, A., Application o
Page 118 and 119: Coumarin 540 Dye Staining Method An
Page 120 and 121: visualization of latent fingerprint
Page 122 and 123: White powder Dolomite, starch powde
Page 124 and 125: Fluorescein solution (in methanol/w
Page 126 and 127: Notes: Dissolve the MoS 2 in the di
Page 128 and 129: 4. Avoid inhaling any iodine fumes
Page 130 and 131: CN CN CN A - A - CH2 C COOR CH2 C C
Page 132 and 133: Large vacuum chambers for processin
Page 134 and 135: Gentian Violet Solution — Non-Phe
Page 136 and 137: Table 4.1 Approximate Absorption an
Page 138 and 139: and recorded by autoradiography. Ni
Page 140 and 141: Ninhydrin solutions may be applied
Page 142 and 143: of development of ninhydrin-treated
Page 144 and 145: and certain nonreactive surface mat
Page 146 and 147: Procedure Xylene 50 mL Petroleum et
Page 148 and 149: ehavior of Ruhemann’s purple-meta
Page 150 and 151: 4. Rinse the specimen in tap water.
Page 152 and 153: een treated with ninhydrin. In addi
Page 154 and 155: Working solution Stock solution 6 m
Page 156 and 157: Note: Combine and stir until citric
Page 158 and 159: Zauner 181 noted that on a rare occ
Page 160 and 161: 3. Expose the tape surface to a hig
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lifting media were used, followed b
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under certain circumstances. The Br
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Physical Methods Visual Examination
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DRY Super Glue Fuming Powder Dustin
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Visual Examination Photography Iodi
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References 1. Olsen, R. D., Scott
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36. Springer, E. and Bergman, P., A
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74. McCarthy, M. M., Evaluation of
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110. Mooney, D. G., Development of
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142. Pounds, C. A., Grigg, R., and
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175. Jones, R. J. and Pounds, C. A.
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213. Hebrard, J. and Donche, A., Fi
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245. Misner, A., Wilkinson, D., and
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Fingerprint Development by Ninhydri
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Figure 5.1 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,3-indane
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Figure 5.4 Formation of murexide (V
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Figure 5.6 The 1,3-dipole form of t
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less volatile 1,1,2-trichloroethane
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Key to Routes Primary Special Secon
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Specially designed cabinets for che
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the importance of cooling the objec
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Figure 5.10 Ninhydrin (I) and some
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een prepared and evaluated as finge
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Figure 5.14 The red pigment formed
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Figure 5.16 The fluorescent product
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16. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., P
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51. Jungbluth, W.O., Replacement fo
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87. Kent, T., An operational guide
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116. Kobus, H.J., Pigou, P.E., Dell
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147. Dayan, S., Almog, J., Khodzhae
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Figure 6.1 Ninhydrin/ZnCl 2 vs. nin
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purposes of understanding their pho
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Ar-laser image monitor lens light c
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laser Figure 6.6 Block diagram of p
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step 1 step 2 step 3 fingerprint co
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nanocrystals. Photoluminescent semi
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Figure 6.11 Photoluminescence of fi
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H H H H N N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 H N N H N
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sample, rather than preferential ad
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O R C OH + R' NH2 R C Figure 6.16 G
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The amidation reaction depicted in
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R 1 - COOH + HO - N R 1 O C N H Fig
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29. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploeh
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Procedure Water and Acid Pretreatme
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The Silver Physical Development Pro
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(in the emulsion) the silver and si
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ions (found only on paper that has
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as that of print residue on porous
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+ + + + + + + Cit 3- Cit 3- Cit 3-
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Saunders. 22 Both workers recognize
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Figure 7.2 Scanning electron micros
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paper and these convert to ferric o
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Water and Acid Pretreatments The wa
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Figure 7.4 Comparison of a ninhydri
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Figure 7.7 Comparison of a ninhydri
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(0.2%) to not form silver oxide whe
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X-Ray and Scanning Electron Microsc
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is much to be done to optimize the
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3. Margot, P. and Lennard, C., Fing
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35. Morris, J.R. and Wells, J.M., A
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Introduction More than a century ha
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False Reject Rate (FRR) Civilian Ap
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Fingerprint Quality Acquisition Est
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finger gets mapped onto the two-dim
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 8.3 Fingerprint
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In forensics, a special kind of ink
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L A B (a) Finger Friction Surface R
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Fingerprint Representation A finger
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 8.8 A finger
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Figure 8.10 Relative configuration
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A minutiae feature extractor finds
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depicting a ridge in the fingerprin
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1. Singular points. The Poincare in
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Table 8.2 shows the results of the
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(a) (b) Figure 8.13 Two different i
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ox size is adjusted based on the es
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(a) (b) Figure 8.16 Fingerprinting
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0.5 -0.5 -1 200 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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andpass filters and extracts ridges
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(a) (b) Figure 8.19 Examples of enh
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A significant implication of the ab
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or otherwise. Therefore, there are
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Conclusions and Future Prospects Fi
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WSQ-related illustrations (Figure 8
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37. Siemens. The ID Mouse from Siem
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69. L. Hong, A. Jain, and S. Pankan
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Trauring Model (1963) Description o
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correspondence in friction ridge de
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extreme variability of friction rid
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5. Trauring 19 6. Kingston 20 7. Os
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variation need have no relationship
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1. Fork directed to the right 2. Fo
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e closer to reality. In any case, t
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There is not only opportunity for c
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that, in practice, it is relative d
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e the probability that there will b
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Correction factors (G) were introdu
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fingerprint individuality into two
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appreciated that the number of tria
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a corresponding reference point is
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Table 9.1 Kingston’s Relative Fre
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minutia counts in different-sized r
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If one is to use the compound forms
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Osterburg Model (1977-1980) Descrip
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of any occurrences that appear in t
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minutiae. Both the Kingston and Ost
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minutia orientation results in regi
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Orientation for minutiae was define
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the allowable combinations of minut
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selected for the study, based on th
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Table 9.4 Champod’s Upper Bound F
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that Champod and Margot proved to b
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fingerprint was isolated. This area
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that, for the experiments as design
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can be encouraged by the dedication
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37. Amy, L., Valeur de la preuve en
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The Expert Fingerprint Witness ROBE
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Qualifications of the Fingerprint E
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7. Results of comparisons conducted
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granted for a pretrial conference,
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any examination that I have conduct
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to fully understand the meaning of
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When seated in the witness stand, t
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jury but looked down at the floor i
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Courtroom Courtesy When in court, i
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If the attorney does not have the p
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Glossary of Commonly Used Courtroom
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Indictment An accusation in writing
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APPENDIX Daubert Hearings EDWARD GE
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The U.S. Government set presented e
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Presided over by the Honorable J. C
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