Advances in Fingerprint Technology.pdf

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Figure 1.11 Dr. Ivan Vucetich. (Drawn by John Berry.) and he tried unsuccessfully to explain to the police authorities how superior fingerprint usage was to the measurement system. Fortunately in 1896, Argentina abandoned bertillonage and began to use vucetichissimo. (I possess a U.S. FBI “flyer” for someone who absconded from a state camp at Davenport, Iowa, in 1929, and although the card shows his photograph and rolled finger impressions, it also gives numerous Bertillon measurements.) The Vucetich system is not in use outside South America. The Henry System The FBI, with its huge collection of fingerprint forms, uses the basic Henry system, amended to the FBI’s requirements. I have visited fingerprint bureaus in Australia, South Africa, Greece, Canada, and the U.S., and they all use the Henry system, which is extremely ingenious. On British fingerprint forms, the fingers are numbered from 1 to 5 on the right hand and from 6 to 10 on the left hand (see below).
Whorl patterns only have values, as shown below. Even numbers on the form constitute the numerator, odd numbers provide the denominator. The finger numbers are not used in the system; totaled whorl patterns only apply. Therefore, if a person does not have any whorl patterns on the fingers, the classification would be 0 0 This is a negative symbol, and therefore Sir Edward decided to always add “1” to both the numerator and denominator. Hence, a fingerprint classification without whorls would be 1 1 This section has the largest number of fingerprint forms, as loops constitute 63% of all fingerprint patterns. If all fingerprint patterns were whorls, the classification would be 32 32 The Henry system therefore divided all fingerprint forms into 1024 bundles. It is quite obvious that if fingerprint forms are filed according to this system, the searcher chooses the bundle bearing the appropriate Henry fraction and merely searches this one bundle. There are further subclassifications, which mean that every bundle can be further divided for searching. Unfortunately, some fingerprint patterns merge their characteristics and have to be searched as alternatives, meaning that additional bundles have to be examined in order to positively conclude a search. It must also be remembered that missing or bandaged digits have to be further searched to cover all possibilities. Some examples of the Henry system classification are shown in the following table.
Page 4 and 5: Advances in Advances Fingerprint Te
Page 6 and 7: Advances in Fingerprint Technology
Page 8 and 9: Preface The first edition of this b
Page 10 and 11: Acknowledgments We gratefully ackno
Page 12 and 13: Table of Contents Preface Acknowled
Page 14 and 15: History and Development of Fingerpr
Page 16 and 17: Figure 1.2 Basic fingerprint patter
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1.3 Portion of the prehensil
Page 20 and 21: Figure 1.4 Elliptical whorl. Theory
Page 22 and 23: The bricks, carefully laid and accu
Page 24 and 25: the megalithic builders, including
Page 26 and 27: made most of them. These “identif
Page 28 and 29: Figure 1.6 Nehemiah Grew. (Drawn by
Page 30 and 31: Figure 1.7 Right palm imprint in pl
Page 32 and 33: By kindly words of persuasion a ref
Page 34 and 35: Loop: Now if this oblique stripe by
Page 38 and 39: Sir Edward Henry and Sir William He
Page 40 and 41: in charge he undoubtedly supported
Page 42 and 43: 1. Finding finger imprints on prehi
Page 44 and 45: Faulds edited seven issues of a fin
Page 46 and 47: much of his inspired research. For
Page 48 and 49: to the unrelenting efforts of Steeg
Page 50 and 51: and gathered around him a nucleus o
Page 52 and 53: I find that portions of palm imprin
Page 54 and 55: Identification of Latent Prints ROB
Page 56 and 57: Without it, no amount of further la
Page 58 and 59: work will quite often fare badly un
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2.3 Polygon method. Overlay
Page 62 and 63: Experience and Skill Although the t
Page 64 and 65: The initial identification of the l
Page 66 and 67: D5 D6 D7 I2 D8 D9 D10 No No No Reco
Page 68 and 69: D11 I4 No D12 D11 I5 D12-1 D7 D12-2
Page 70 and 71: D14 I7 D16 C3 D11 D14-2 D7 D14-3 C2
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.7 Example of pressure dist
Page 74 and 75: 9. Mairs, G., Novel method of print
Page 76 and 77: DNA From Latent Prints DNA From Blo
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3.1 A schematic diagram show
Page 80 and 81: Figure 3.3 A schematic diagram of t
Page 82 and 83: (5 to 12 µg/L), bromide (0.2 to 0.
Page 84 and 85: electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) include
Page 86 and 87:
Table 3.3 Anatomical Variation in t
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Various oxidative and bacteriologic
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acid content can change with time i
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are of sebaceous origin. 82 Approxi
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Table 3.7 Changes in Surface Lipid
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gland’s activity. The more active
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content. 108 Palmitic acid was foun
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Figure 3.4a A chromatogram of a fin
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various lipid classes found in a la
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of DNA using RFLP. 130 No adverse e
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was later found to be caused by the
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17. Seutter, E., Goedhart-De Groot,
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52. Downing, D. T., Strauss, J. S.,
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85. Summerly, R., Yardley, H. J., R
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120. Duff, J. M. and Menzel, E. R.,
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149. Kloosterman, A., Application o
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Coumarin 540 Dye Staining Method An
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visualization of latent fingerprint
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White powder Dolomite, starch powde
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Fluorescein solution (in methanol/w
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Notes: Dissolve the MoS 2 in the di
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4. Avoid inhaling any iodine fumes
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CN CN CN A - A - CH2 C COOR CH2 C C
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Large vacuum chambers for processin
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Gentian Violet Solution — Non-Phe
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Table 4.1 Approximate Absorption an
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and recorded by autoradiography. Ni
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Ninhydrin solutions may be applied
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of development of ninhydrin-treated
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and certain nonreactive surface mat
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Procedure Xylene 50 mL Petroleum et
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ehavior of Ruhemann’s purple-meta
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4. Rinse the specimen in tap water.
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een treated with ninhydrin. In addi
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Working solution Stock solution 6 m
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Note: Combine and stir until citric
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Zauner 181 noted that on a rare occ
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3. Expose the tape surface to a hig
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lifting media were used, followed b
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under certain circumstances. The Br
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Physical Methods Visual Examination
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DRY Super Glue Fuming Powder Dustin
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Visual Examination Photography Iodi
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References 1. Olsen, R. D., Scott
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36. Springer, E. and Bergman, P., A
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74. McCarthy, M. M., Evaluation of
Page 178 and 179:
110. Mooney, D. G., Development of
Page 180 and 181:
142. Pounds, C. A., Grigg, R., and
Page 182 and 183:
175. Jones, R. J. and Pounds, C. A.
Page 184 and 185:
213. Hebrard, J. and Donche, A., Fi
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245. Misner, A., Wilkinson, D., and
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Fingerprint Development by Ninhydri
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Figure 5.1 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,3-indane
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Figure 5.4 Formation of murexide (V
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Figure 5.6 The 1,3-dipole form of t
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less volatile 1,1,2-trichloroethane
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Key to Routes Primary Special Secon
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Specially designed cabinets for che
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the importance of cooling the objec
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Figure 5.10 Ninhydrin (I) and some
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een prepared and evaluated as finge
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Figure 5.14 The red pigment formed
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Figure 5.16 The fluorescent product
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16. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., P
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51. Jungbluth, W.O., Replacement fo
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87. Kent, T., An operational guide
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116. Kobus, H.J., Pigou, P.E., Dell
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147. Dayan, S., Almog, J., Khodzhae
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Figure 6.1 Ninhydrin/ZnCl 2 vs. nin
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purposes of understanding their pho
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Ar-laser image monitor lens light c
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laser Figure 6.6 Block diagram of p
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step 1 step 2 step 3 fingerprint co
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nanocrystals. Photoluminescent semi
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Figure 6.11 Photoluminescence of fi
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H H H H N N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 H N N H N
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sample, rather than preferential ad
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O R C OH + R' NH2 R C Figure 6.16 G
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The amidation reaction depicted in
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Page 246 and 247:
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R 1 - COOH + HO - N R 1 O C N H Fig
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29. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploeh
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Procedure Water and Acid Pretreatme
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The Silver Physical Development Pro
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(in the emulsion) the silver and si
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ions (found only on paper that has
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as that of print residue on porous
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+ + + + + + + Cit 3- Cit 3- Cit 3-
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Saunders. 22 Both workers recognize
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Figure 7.2 Scanning electron micros
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paper and these convert to ferric o
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Water and Acid Pretreatments The wa
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Figure 7.4 Comparison of a ninhydri
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Figure 7.7 Comparison of a ninhydri
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(0.2%) to not form silver oxide whe
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X-Ray and Scanning Electron Microsc
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is much to be done to optimize the
Page 282 and 283:
3. Margot, P. and Lennard, C., Fing
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35. Morris, J.R. and Wells, J.M., A
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Introduction More than a century ha
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False Reject Rate (FRR) Civilian Ap
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Fingerprint Quality Acquisition Est
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finger gets mapped onto the two-dim
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 8.3 Fingerprint
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In forensics, a special kind of ink
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L A B (a) Finger Friction Surface R
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Fingerprint Representation A finger
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 8.8 A finger
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Figure 8.10 Relative configuration
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A minutiae feature extractor finds
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depicting a ridge in the fingerprin
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1. Singular points. The Poincare in
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Table 8.2 shows the results of the
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(a) (b) Figure 8.13 Two different i
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ox size is adjusted based on the es
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(a) (b) Figure 8.16 Fingerprinting
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0.5 -0.5 -1 200 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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andpass filters and extracts ridges
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(a) (b) Figure 8.19 Examples of enh
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A significant implication of the ab
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or otherwise. Therefore, there are
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Conclusions and Future Prospects Fi
Page 332 and 333:
WSQ-related illustrations (Figure 8
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37. Siemens. The ID Mouse from Siem
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69. L. Hong, A. Jain, and S. Pankan
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Trauring Model (1963) Description o
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correspondence in friction ridge de
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extreme variability of friction rid
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5. Trauring 19 6. Kingston 20 7. Os
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variation need have no relationship
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1. Fork directed to the right 2. Fo
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e closer to reality. In any case, t
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There is not only opportunity for c
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that, in practice, it is relative d
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e the probability that there will b
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Correction factors (G) were introdu
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fingerprint individuality into two
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appreciated that the number of tria
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a corresponding reference point is
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Table 9.1 Kingston’s Relative Fre
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minutia counts in different-sized r
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If one is to use the compound forms
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Osterburg Model (1977-1980) Descrip
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of any occurrences that appear in t
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minutiae. Both the Kingston and Ost
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minutia orientation results in regi
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Orientation for minutiae was define
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the allowable combinations of minut
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selected for the study, based on th
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Table 9.4 Champod’s Upper Bound F
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that Champod and Margot proved to b
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fingerprint was isolated. This area
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that, for the experiments as design
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can be encouraged by the dedication
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37. Amy, L., Valeur de la preuve en
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The Expert Fingerprint Witness ROBE
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Qualifications of the Fingerprint E
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7. Results of comparisons conducted
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granted for a pretrial conference,
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any examination that I have conduct
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to fully understand the meaning of
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When seated in the witness stand, t
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jury but looked down at the floor i
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Courtroom Courtesy When in court, i
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If the attorney does not have the p
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Glossary of Commonly Used Courtroom
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Indictment An accusation in writing
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APPENDIX Daubert Hearings EDWARD GE
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The U.S. Government set presented e
Page 426:
Presided over by the Honorable J. C
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