74. McCarthy, M. M., Evaluation of Ardrox as a lum<strong>in</strong>escent sta<strong>in</strong> for cyanoacrylate processed latent impressions. J. Forensic Ident., 38, 197, 1988. 75. Menzel, E. R., Burt, J. A., and S<strong>in</strong>or, T. W., Laser detection of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts: treatment with glue conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g cyanoacrylate ester. J. Forensic Sci., 28, 307, 1983. 76. Flynn, J., Stoilovic, M., and Lennard, C., Detection and enhancement of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts on polymer banknotes: a prelim<strong>in</strong>ary study. J. Forensic Ident., 49, 594, 1999. 77. Herod, D. W. and Menzel, E. R., Laser detection of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts: n<strong>in</strong>hydr<strong>in</strong> followed by z<strong>in</strong>c chloride. J. Forensic Sci., 27, 513, 1982. 78. Weaver, D. E. and Clary, E. J., A one-step fluorescent cyanoacrylate f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t development technology. J. Forensic Ident., 43, 481, 1993. 79. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Chemical Formulas and Process<strong>in</strong>g Guide for Develop<strong>in</strong>g Latent Pr<strong>in</strong>ts, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., 1994. 80. Gray, M. L., Sticky-side powder vs. gentian violet: the search for the superior method for process<strong>in</strong>g the sticky side of adhesive tape. J. Forensic Ident., 46, 268, 1996. 81. Tuthill, H., Re: “Sticky-side powder vs. gentian violet,” JFI 46(3) [letter]. J. Forensic Ident., 47, 4, 1997. 82. Bramble, S. K., Cantu, A. A., Ramotowski, R. S., and Brennan, J. S., Deep red to near <strong>in</strong>frared (NIR) fluorescence of gentian violet-treated latent pr<strong>in</strong>ts. J. Forensic Ident., 50, 33, 2000. 83. Stitt, W., New use for gentian violet. J. Forensic Ident., 47, 274, 1997. 84. Gambue, M. and O’Daniel, L., Substitute ardrox formula. J. Forensic Ident., 49, 134, 1999. 85. Mazzella, W. D. and Lennard, C. J., An additional study of cyanoacrylate sta<strong>in</strong>s. J. Forensic Ident., 45, 5, 1995. 86. Olenik, J. H., A simple three dye blend. J. Forensic Ident., 47, 530, 1997. 87. Cumm<strong>in</strong>gs, H., Hollars, M., and Trozzi, T., Gett<strong>in</strong>g the most from cyanoacrylate dyes. J. Forensic Ident., 43, 37, 1993. 88. Morimoto, S., Kam<strong>in</strong>ogo, A., and Hirano, T., A new method to enhance visualization of latent f<strong>in</strong>germarks by sublimat<strong>in</strong>g dyes, and its practical use with a comb<strong>in</strong>ation of cyanoacrylate fum<strong>in</strong>g. Forensic Sci. Int., 97, 101, 2000. 89. Kempton, J. B. and Rowe, W. F., Contrast enhancement of cyanoacrylatedeveloped latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts us<strong>in</strong>g biological sta<strong>in</strong>s and commercial fabric dyes. J. Forensic Sci., 37, 99, 1992. 90. Day, K. J. and Bowker, W., Enhancement of cyanoacrylate developed latent pr<strong>in</strong>ts us<strong>in</strong>g Nile Red. J. Forensic Ident., 46, 183, 1996. 91. Wilk<strong>in</strong>son, D. A. and Watk<strong>in</strong>, J. E., Europium aryl-β-diketone complexes as fluorescent dyes for the detection of cyanoacrylate developed f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts on human sk<strong>in</strong>. Forensic Sci. Int., 60, 67, 1993.
92. Lock, E. R. A., Mazzella, W. D., and Margot, P., A new Europium chelate as a fluorescent dye for cyanoacrylate pretreated f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts — EuTTAPhen: Europium ThenoylTrifluoroAcetone Ortho-Phenanthrol<strong>in</strong>e. J. Forensic Sci., 40, 654, 1995. 93. Corr, J. J., Flame method for the development of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts. Krim<strong>in</strong>alistik, 10, 429, 1956. 94. Vandiver, J. V., Comments on smoke technique. Ident. News, 23, 12, 1973. 95. Spedd<strong>in</strong>g D.J., Detection of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts with 35 SO 2. Nature, 229, 123, 1971. 96. Given, B. W., Latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts on cartridges and expended cartridge cas<strong>in</strong>gs. J. Forensic Sci., 20, 587, 1975. 97. Sodhi, G. S. and Kaur, J., F<strong>in</strong>germarks detection by eos<strong>in</strong>-blue dye. Forensic Sci. Int., 115, 69, 2000. 98. Sasson, Y. and Almog, J., Chemical reagents for the development of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts. I. Scope and limitation of the reagent 4-dimethylam<strong>in</strong>o-c<strong>in</strong>namaldehyde. J. Forensic Sci., 23, 852, 1978. 99. Ramotowski, R., Fluorescence Visualization of Latent F<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts on Paper Us<strong>in</strong>g p-Dimethylam<strong>in</strong>oc<strong>in</strong>namaldehyde (PDMAC), Almog, J. and Spr<strong>in</strong>ger, E., Eds., Israel National Police, Jerusalem, Israel, 1995, 91-94. 100. Brennan, J., Bramble, S., Crabtree, S., and Wright, G., Fum<strong>in</strong>g of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts us<strong>in</strong>g dimethylam<strong>in</strong>oc<strong>in</strong>namaldehyde. J. Forensic Ident., 45, 373, 1995. 101. Katzung, W., New reagents for the chemical development of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts on paper, and their possible applications. Krim. Forensische Wiss., 82, 1985. 102. Mashito, K. and Miyamoto, T., Latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t process<strong>in</strong>g by the ruthenium tetroxide method. J. Forensic Ident., 48, 279, 2000. 103. Blackledge, R. D., Latent pr<strong>in</strong>t process<strong>in</strong>g by the ruthenium tetroxide method [letter]. J. Forensic Ident., 48, 557, 1998. 104. Wilk<strong>in</strong>son, D., A one-step fluorescent detection method for lipid f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts; Eu(TTA) 3·2TOPO. Forensic Sci. Int., 99, 5, 1999. 105. Allred, C. E. and Menzel, E. R., A novel europium-bioconjugate method for latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t detection. Forensic Sci. Int., 85, 83, 1997. 106. Murphy, K. A., Cartner, A. M., Henderson, W., and Kim, N. D., Appraisal of the porphyr<strong>in</strong> compound, (TPP)Sn(OH) 2, as a latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t reagent. J. Forensic Ident., 49, 269, 1999. 107. Oden, S. and von Hofsten, B., Detection of f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts by the n<strong>in</strong>hydr<strong>in</strong> reaction. Nature, 173, 449, 1954. 108. Speaks, H. A., The use of n<strong>in</strong>hydr<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> the development of latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts. F<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t Ident. Mag., 45, 11, 1964. 109. Shulenberger, W. A., Present status of the n<strong>in</strong>hydr<strong>in</strong> process for develop<strong>in</strong>g latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts. Ident. News, 13, 9, 1963.
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Advances in Advances Fingerprint Te
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Advances in Fingerprint Technology
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Preface The first edition of this b
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Acknowledgments We gratefully ackno
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Table of Contents Preface Acknowled
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History and Development of Fingerpr
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Figure 1.2 Basic fingerprint patter
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Figure 1.3 Portion of the prehensil
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Figure 1.4 Elliptical whorl. Theory
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The bricks, carefully laid and accu
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the megalithic builders, including
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made most of them. These “identif
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Figure 1.6 Nehemiah Grew. (Drawn by
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Figure 1.7 Right palm imprint in pl
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By kindly words of persuasion a ref
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Loop: Now if this oblique stripe by
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Figure 1.11 Dr. Ivan Vucetich. (Dra
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Sir Edward Henry and Sir William He
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in charge he undoubtedly supported
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1. Finding finger imprints on prehi
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Faulds edited seven issues of a fin
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much of his inspired research. For
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to the unrelenting efforts of Steeg
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and gathered around him a nucleus o
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I find that portions of palm imprin
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Identification of Latent Prints ROB
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Without it, no amount of further la
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work will quite often fare badly un
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Figure 2.3 Polygon method. Overlay
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Experience and Skill Although the t
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The initial identification of the l
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D5 D6 D7 I2 D8 D9 D10 No No No Reco
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D11 I4 No D12 D11 I5 D12-1 D7 D12-2
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D14 I7 D16 C3 D11 D14-2 D7 D14-3 C2
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Figure 2.7 Example of pressure dist
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9. Mairs, G., Novel method of print
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DNA From Latent Prints DNA From Blo
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Figure 3.1 A schematic diagram show
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Figure 3.3 A schematic diagram of t
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(5 to 12 µg/L), bromide (0.2 to 0.
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electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) include
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Table 3.3 Anatomical Variation in t
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Various oxidative and bacteriologic
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acid content can change with time i
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are of sebaceous origin. 82 Approxi
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Table 3.7 Changes in Surface Lipid
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gland’s activity. The more active
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content. 108 Palmitic acid was foun
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Figure 3.4a A chromatogram of a fin
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various lipid classes found in a la
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of DNA using RFLP. 130 No adverse e
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was later found to be caused by the
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17. Seutter, E., Goedhart-De Groot,
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52. Downing, D. T., Strauss, J. S.,
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85. Summerly, R., Yardley, H. J., R
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120. Duff, J. M. and Menzel, E. R.,
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149. Kloosterman, A., Application o
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Coumarin 540 Dye Staining Method An
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visualization of latent fingerprint
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White powder Dolomite, starch powde
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Fluorescein solution (in methanol/w
- Page 126 and 127: Notes: Dissolve the MoS 2 in the di
- Page 128 and 129: 4. Avoid inhaling any iodine fumes
- Page 130 and 131: CN CN CN A - A - CH2 C COOR CH2 C C
- Page 132 and 133: Large vacuum chambers for processin
- Page 134 and 135: Gentian Violet Solution — Non-Phe
- Page 136 and 137: Table 4.1 Approximate Absorption an
- Page 138 and 139: and recorded by autoradiography. Ni
- Page 140 and 141: Ninhydrin solutions may be applied
- Page 142 and 143: of development of ninhydrin-treated
- Page 144 and 145: and certain nonreactive surface mat
- Page 146 and 147: Procedure Xylene 50 mL Petroleum et
- Page 148 and 149: ehavior of Ruhemann’s purple-meta
- Page 150 and 151: 4. Rinse the specimen in tap water.
- Page 152 and 153: een treated with ninhydrin. In addi
- Page 154 and 155: Working solution Stock solution 6 m
- Page 156 and 157: Note: Combine and stir until citric
- Page 158 and 159: Zauner 181 noted that on a rare occ
- Page 160 and 161: 3. Expose the tape surface to a hig
- Page 162 and 163: lifting media were used, followed b
- Page 164 and 165: under certain circumstances. The Br
- Page 166 and 167: Physical Methods Visual Examination
- Page 168 and 169: DRY Super Glue Fuming Powder Dustin
- Page 170 and 171: Visual Examination Photography Iodi
- Page 172 and 173: References 1. Olsen, R. D., Scott
- Page 174 and 175: 36. Springer, E. and Bergman, P., A
- Page 178 and 179: 110. Mooney, D. G., Development of
- Page 180 and 181: 142. Pounds, C. A., Grigg, R., and
- Page 182 and 183: 175. Jones, R. J. and Pounds, C. A.
- Page 184 and 185: 213. Hebrard, J. and Donche, A., Fi
- Page 186 and 187: 245. Misner, A., Wilkinson, D., and
- Page 188 and 189: Fingerprint Development by Ninhydri
- Page 190 and 191: Figure 5.1 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,3-indane
- Page 192 and 193: Figure 5.4 Formation of murexide (V
- Page 194 and 195: Figure 5.6 The 1,3-dipole form of t
- Page 196 and 197: less volatile 1,1,2-trichloroethane
- Page 198 and 199: Key to Routes Primary Special Secon
- Page 200 and 201: Specially designed cabinets for che
- Page 202 and 203: the importance of cooling the objec
- Page 204 and 205: Figure 5.10 Ninhydrin (I) and some
- Page 206 and 207: een prepared and evaluated as finge
- Page 208 and 209: Figure 5.14 The red pigment formed
- Page 210 and 211: Figure 5.16 The fluorescent product
- Page 212 and 213: 16. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., P
- Page 214 and 215: 51. Jungbluth, W.O., Replacement fo
- Page 216 and 217: 87. Kent, T., An operational guide
- Page 218 and 219: 116. Kobus, H.J., Pigou, P.E., Dell
- Page 220 and 221: 147. Dayan, S., Almog, J., Khodzhae
- Page 222 and 223: Figure 6.1 Ninhydrin/ZnCl 2 vs. nin
- Page 224 and 225: purposes of understanding their pho
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Ar-laser image monitor lens light c
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laser Figure 6.6 Block diagram of p
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step 1 step 2 step 3 fingerprint co
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nanocrystals. Photoluminescent semi
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Figure 6.11 Photoluminescence of fi
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H H H H N N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 H N N H N
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sample, rather than preferential ad
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O R C OH + R' NH2 R C Figure 6.16 G
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The amidation reaction depicted in
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Figure 6.20 Photoluminescence of fi
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Figure 6.22 Photoluminescence of fi
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R 1 - COOH + HO - N R 1 O C N H Fig
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29. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploeh
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Procedure Water and Acid Pretreatme
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The Silver Physical Development Pro
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(in the emulsion) the silver and si
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ions (found only on paper that has
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as that of print residue on porous
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+ + + + + + + Cit 3- Cit 3- Cit 3-
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Saunders. 22 Both workers recognize
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Figure 7.2 Scanning electron micros
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paper and these convert to ferric o
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Water and Acid Pretreatments The wa
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Figure 7.4 Comparison of a ninhydri
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Figure 7.7 Comparison of a ninhydri
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(0.2%) to not form silver oxide whe
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X-Ray and Scanning Electron Microsc
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is much to be done to optimize the
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3. Margot, P. and Lennard, C., Fing
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35. Morris, J.R. and Wells, J.M., A
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Introduction More than a century ha
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False Reject Rate (FRR) Civilian Ap
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Fingerprint Quality Acquisition Est
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finger gets mapped onto the two-dim
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 8.3 Fingerprint
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In forensics, a special kind of ink
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L A B (a) Finger Friction Surface R
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Fingerprint Representation A finger
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 8.8 A finger
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Figure 8.10 Relative configuration
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A minutiae feature extractor finds
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depicting a ridge in the fingerprin
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1. Singular points. The Poincare in
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Table 8.2 shows the results of the
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(a) (b) Figure 8.13 Two different i
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ox size is adjusted based on the es
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(a) (b) Figure 8.16 Fingerprinting
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0.5 -0.5 -1 200 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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andpass filters and extracts ridges
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(a) (b) Figure 8.19 Examples of enh
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A significant implication of the ab
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or otherwise. Therefore, there are
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Conclusions and Future Prospects Fi
- Page 332 and 333:
WSQ-related illustrations (Figure 8
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37. Siemens. The ID Mouse from Siem
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69. L. Hong, A. Jain, and S. Pankan
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Trauring Model (1963) Description o
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correspondence in friction ridge de
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extreme variability of friction rid
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5. Trauring 19 6. Kingston 20 7. Os
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variation need have no relationship
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1. Fork directed to the right 2. Fo
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e closer to reality. In any case, t
- Page 352 and 353:
There is not only opportunity for c
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that, in practice, it is relative d
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e the probability that there will b
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Correction factors (G) were introdu
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fingerprint individuality into two
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appreciated that the number of tria
- Page 364 and 365:
a corresponding reference point is
- Page 366 and 367:
Table 9.1 Kingston’s Relative Fre
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minutia counts in different-sized r
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If one is to use the compound forms
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Osterburg Model (1977-1980) Descrip
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of any occurrences that appear in t
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minutiae. Both the Kingston and Ost
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minutia orientation results in regi
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Orientation for minutiae was define
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the allowable combinations of minut
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selected for the study, based on th
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Table 9.4 Champod’s Upper Bound F
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that Champod and Margot proved to b
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fingerprint was isolated. This area
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that, for the experiments as design
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can be encouraged by the dedication
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37. Amy, L., Valeur de la preuve en
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The Expert Fingerprint Witness ROBE
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Qualifications of the Fingerprint E
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7. Results of comparisons conducted
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granted for a pretrial conference,
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any examination that I have conduct
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to fully understand the meaning of
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When seated in the witness stand, t
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jury but looked down at the floor i
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Courtroom Courtesy When in court, i
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If the attorney does not have the p
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Glossary of Commonly Used Courtroom
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Indictment An accusation in writing
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APPENDIX Daubert Hearings EDWARD GE
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The U.S. Government set presented e
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Presided over by the Honorable J. C