Advances in Fingerprint Technology.pdf

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D11 I4 No D12 D11 I5 D12-1 D7 D12-2 C2 Stop No No No I4 . Examine inked print. D12 - Locate additional points selected in D11. D12-1 - Are new points selected present in inked print? D7 - If unable to locate new points after repeated tries, return to D7 and start again. D12-2 - If NO after repeated tries, DECISION to eliminate or not. C2 - Conclusion as to non-identity. Figure 2.5 (continued) [If NO, return to D11 and selected new additional points.] a complete entity. 16 Latent print identification generally follows the same type of reasoning. The latent print examiner will identify the print by categorizing it based on morphological pattern recognition, physical properties of finger prints and palm prints, physical characteristics of ridge patterns, and spatial relationships of fingers on the hand. Latent print evaluation and comparison is primarily a visual information processing system. It is visual discrimination based on geometrical data and pattern recognition and the application of cognitive analysis. Experience provides a long-term data reference bank for correlation with current data
D12 I5 D13 I6 D14 D13 I7 D14-1 D11 D14 -2 15 - Examine latent print. D13 - Select two or three additional points in close relationship to points selected in D11 and found in D12. I6 - Examine inked print. D14 - Locate additional points selected in D13. D14-1 - Are new points selected present in inked print? D11 - If unable to locate after repeated tries, return to D11. Figure 2.5 (continued) [If NO, return to D13 and select new additional points.] in the latent print under examination. To understand the role of experience in latent print identification, it is necessary to understand the relationship between experience and the tasks and problem-solving techniques employed throughout the process of establishing identity. The process of identification may be separated into separate and distinct tasks, which, in application, an examiner would perform so automatically that their existence is almost undetectable. Each separate task throughout the identification process requires decisions that must be made regarding the empirical data observed and correlation of this data with previously observed empirical data and with experience to comprehend its significance.
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Advances in Advances Fingerprint Te
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Advances in Fingerprint Technology
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Preface The first edition of this b
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Acknowledgments We gratefully ackno
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Table of Contents Preface Acknowled
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History and Development of Fingerpr
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Figure 1.2 Basic fingerprint patter
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1.3 Portion of the prehensil
Page 20 and 21: Figure 1.4 Elliptical whorl. Theory
Page 22 and 23: The bricks, carefully laid and accu
Page 24 and 25: the megalithic builders, including
Page 26 and 27: made most of them. These “identif
Page 28 and 29: Figure 1.6 Nehemiah Grew. (Drawn by
Page 30 and 31: Figure 1.7 Right palm imprint in pl
Page 32 and 33: By kindly words of persuasion a ref
Page 34 and 35: Loop: Now if this oblique stripe by
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.11 Dr. Ivan Vucetich. (Dra
Page 38 and 39: Sir Edward Henry and Sir William He
Page 40 and 41: in charge he undoubtedly supported
Page 42 and 43: 1. Finding finger imprints on prehi
Page 44 and 45: Faulds edited seven issues of a fin
Page 46 and 47: much of his inspired research. For
Page 48 and 49: to the unrelenting efforts of Steeg
Page 50 and 51: and gathered around him a nucleus o
Page 52 and 53: I find that portions of palm imprin
Page 54 and 55: Identification of Latent Prints ROB
Page 56 and 57: Without it, no amount of further la
Page 58 and 59: work will quite often fare badly un
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2.3 Polygon method. Overlay
Page 62 and 63: Experience and Skill Although the t
Page 64 and 65: The initial identification of the l
Page 66 and 67: D5 D6 D7 I2 D8 D9 D10 No No No Reco
Page 70 and 71: D14 I7 D16 C3 D11 D14-2 D7 D14-3 C2
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.7 Example of pressure dist
Page 74 and 75: 9. Mairs, G., Novel method of print
Page 76 and 77: DNA From Latent Prints DNA From Blo
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3.1 A schematic diagram show
Page 80 and 81: Figure 3.3 A schematic diagram of t
Page 82 and 83: (5 to 12 µg/L), bromide (0.2 to 0.
Page 84 and 85: electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) include
Page 86 and 87: Table 3.3 Anatomical Variation in t
Page 88 and 89: Various oxidative and bacteriologic
Page 90 and 91: acid content can change with time i
Page 92 and 93: are of sebaceous origin. 82 Approxi
Page 94 and 95: Table 3.7 Changes in Surface Lipid
Page 96 and 97: gland’s activity. The more active
Page 98 and 99: content. 108 Palmitic acid was foun
Page 100 and 101: Figure 3.4a A chromatogram of a fin
Page 102 and 103: various lipid classes found in a la
Page 104 and 105: of DNA using RFLP. 130 No adverse e
Page 106 and 107: was later found to be caused by the
Page 108 and 109: 17. Seutter, E., Goedhart-De Groot,
Page 110 and 111: 52. Downing, D. T., Strauss, J. S.,
Page 112 and 113: 85. Summerly, R., Yardley, H. J., R
Page 114 and 115: 120. Duff, J. M. and Menzel, E. R.,
Page 116 and 117: 149. Kloosterman, A., Application o
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Coumarin 540 Dye Staining Method An
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visualization of latent fingerprint
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White powder Dolomite, starch powde
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Fluorescein solution (in methanol/w
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Notes: Dissolve the MoS 2 in the di
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4. Avoid inhaling any iodine fumes
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CN CN CN A - A - CH2 C COOR CH2 C C
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Large vacuum chambers for processin
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Gentian Violet Solution — Non-Phe
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Table 4.1 Approximate Absorption an
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and recorded by autoradiography. Ni
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Ninhydrin solutions may be applied
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of development of ninhydrin-treated
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and certain nonreactive surface mat
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Procedure Xylene 50 mL Petroleum et
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ehavior of Ruhemann’s purple-meta
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4. Rinse the specimen in tap water.
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een treated with ninhydrin. In addi
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Working solution Stock solution 6 m
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Note: Combine and stir until citric
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Zauner 181 noted that on a rare occ
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3. Expose the tape surface to a hig
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lifting media were used, followed b
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under certain circumstances. The Br
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Physical Methods Visual Examination
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DRY Super Glue Fuming Powder Dustin
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Visual Examination Photography Iodi
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References 1. Olsen, R. D., Scott
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36. Springer, E. and Bergman, P., A
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74. McCarthy, M. M., Evaluation of
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110. Mooney, D. G., Development of
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142. Pounds, C. A., Grigg, R., and
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175. Jones, R. J. and Pounds, C. A.
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213. Hebrard, J. and Donche, A., Fi
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245. Misner, A., Wilkinson, D., and
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Fingerprint Development by Ninhydri
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Figure 5.1 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,3-indane
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Figure 5.4 Formation of murexide (V
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Figure 5.6 The 1,3-dipole form of t
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less volatile 1,1,2-trichloroethane
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Key to Routes Primary Special Secon
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Specially designed cabinets for che
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the importance of cooling the objec
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Figure 5.10 Ninhydrin (I) and some
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een prepared and evaluated as finge
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Figure 5.14 The red pigment formed
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Figure 5.16 The fluorescent product
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16. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., P
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51. Jungbluth, W.O., Replacement fo
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87. Kent, T., An operational guide
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116. Kobus, H.J., Pigou, P.E., Dell
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147. Dayan, S., Almog, J., Khodzhae
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Figure 6.1 Ninhydrin/ZnCl 2 vs. nin
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purposes of understanding their pho
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Ar-laser image monitor lens light c
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laser Figure 6.6 Block diagram of p
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step 1 step 2 step 3 fingerprint co
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nanocrystals. Photoluminescent semi
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Figure 6.11 Photoluminescence of fi
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H H H H N N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 H N N H N
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sample, rather than preferential ad
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O R C OH + R' NH2 R C Figure 6.16 G
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The amidation reaction depicted in
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R 1 - COOH + HO - N R 1 O C N H Fig
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29. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploeh
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Procedure Water and Acid Pretreatme
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The Silver Physical Development Pro
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(in the emulsion) the silver and si
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ions (found only on paper that has
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as that of print residue on porous
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+ + + + + + + Cit 3- Cit 3- Cit 3-
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Saunders. 22 Both workers recognize
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Figure 7.2 Scanning electron micros
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paper and these convert to ferric o
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Water and Acid Pretreatments The wa
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Figure 7.4 Comparison of a ninhydri
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Figure 7.7 Comparison of a ninhydri
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(0.2%) to not form silver oxide whe
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X-Ray and Scanning Electron Microsc
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is much to be done to optimize the
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3. Margot, P. and Lennard, C., Fing
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35. Morris, J.R. and Wells, J.M., A
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Introduction More than a century ha
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False Reject Rate (FRR) Civilian Ap
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Fingerprint Quality Acquisition Est
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finger gets mapped onto the two-dim
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 8.3 Fingerprint
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In forensics, a special kind of ink
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L A B (a) Finger Friction Surface R
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Fingerprint Representation A finger
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 8.8 A finger
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Figure 8.10 Relative configuration
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A minutiae feature extractor finds
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depicting a ridge in the fingerprin
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1. Singular points. The Poincare in
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Table 8.2 shows the results of the
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(a) (b) Figure 8.13 Two different i
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ox size is adjusted based on the es
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(a) (b) Figure 8.16 Fingerprinting
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0.5 -0.5 -1 200 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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andpass filters and extracts ridges
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(a) (b) Figure 8.19 Examples of enh
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A significant implication of the ab
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or otherwise. Therefore, there are
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Conclusions and Future Prospects Fi
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WSQ-related illustrations (Figure 8
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37. Siemens. The ID Mouse from Siem
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69. L. Hong, A. Jain, and S. Pankan
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Trauring Model (1963) Description o
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correspondence in friction ridge de
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extreme variability of friction rid
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5. Trauring 19 6. Kingston 20 7. Os
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variation need have no relationship
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1. Fork directed to the right 2. Fo
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e closer to reality. In any case, t
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There is not only opportunity for c
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that, in practice, it is relative d
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e the probability that there will b
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Correction factors (G) were introdu
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fingerprint individuality into two
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appreciated that the number of tria
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a corresponding reference point is
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Table 9.1 Kingston’s Relative Fre
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minutia counts in different-sized r
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If one is to use the compound forms
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Osterburg Model (1977-1980) Descrip
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of any occurrences that appear in t
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minutiae. Both the Kingston and Ost
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minutia orientation results in regi
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Orientation for minutiae was define
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the allowable combinations of minut
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selected for the study, based on th
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Table 9.4 Champod’s Upper Bound F
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that Champod and Margot proved to b
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fingerprint was isolated. This area
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that, for the experiments as design
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can be encouraged by the dedication
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37. Amy, L., Valeur de la preuve en
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The Expert Fingerprint Witness ROBE
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Qualifications of the Fingerprint E
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7. Results of comparisons conducted
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granted for a pretrial conference,
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any examination that I have conduct
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to fully understand the meaning of
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When seated in the witness stand, t
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jury but looked down at the floor i
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Courtroom Courtesy When in court, i
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If the attorney does not have the p
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Glossary of Commonly Used Courtroom
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Indictment An accusation in writing
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APPENDIX Daubert Hearings EDWARD GE
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The U.S. Government set presented e
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Presided over by the Honorable J. C
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