120. Duff, J. M. and Menzel, E. R., Laser-assisted th<strong>in</strong>-layer chromatography and lum<strong>in</strong>escence of f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts: an approach to f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t age determ<strong>in</strong>ation. J. Forensic Sci., 23, 129-134, 1978. 121. Dikshitsu, Y. S., Prasad, L., Pal, J. N., and Rao, C. V. N., Ag<strong>in</strong>g studies of f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t residues us<strong>in</strong>g th<strong>in</strong>-layer and high performance liquid chromatography. Forensic Sci. Int., 31, 261-266, 1986. 122. Lloyd, R., Lab on a chip may turn police <strong>in</strong>to DNA detectives. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton Post, 1 March 1999, A9. 123. Wu, C., Device elim<strong>in</strong>ates wait for DNA results. Sci. News, 27 March 1999, 155, 199. 124. Bredemeier, K., In Virg<strong>in</strong>ia, freedom from fear for crime victims, relief for families. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton Post, 7 July 1999, A14. 125. Morrison, R. D., E-gels allow DNA results <strong>in</strong> 35 m<strong>in</strong>utes. Law Enforcement Tech, 1999 August, 88-89. 126. Sweet, D. and Shutler, G. G., Analysis of salivary DNA evidence from a bite mark on a body submerged <strong>in</strong> water. J. Forensic Sci., 44(5), 1069–1072, 1999. 127. Presley, L. A., Baumstark, A. L., and Dixon, A., The effects of specific latent f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t and questioned document exam<strong>in</strong>ations on the amplification and typ<strong>in</strong>g of the HLA DQ alpha gene region <strong>in</strong> forensic casework. J. Forensic Sci., 38(5), 1028–1036, 1993. 128. Walls, C., Effects of latent pr<strong>in</strong>t technology on PCR DNA analysis. CBDIAI Exam<strong>in</strong>er. Fall, 17-18, 1997. 129. Ste<strong>in</strong>, C., Kyeck, S. H., and Henssge, C., DNA typ<strong>in</strong>g of f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t reagent treated biological sta<strong>in</strong>s. J. Forensic Sci., 41(6), 1012–1017, 1996. 130. Shipp, E., Roelofs, R., Togneri, E., Wright, R., Atk<strong>in</strong>son, D., and Henry, B., Effects of argon laser light, alternate source light, and cyanoacrylate fum<strong>in</strong>g on DNA typ<strong>in</strong>g of human bloodsta<strong>in</strong>s. J. Forensic Sci., 38(1), 184-191, 1993. 131. Newall, P. J., Richard, M. L., Kafarowski, E., Donnelly, W. J., Meloche, G. E., and Newman, J. C., Homicide case report: successful amplification and STR typ<strong>in</strong>g of bloodsta<strong>in</strong>s subjected to f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t treatment by cyanoacrylate fum<strong>in</strong>g. Can. Soc. Forensic. Sci. J., 29(1), 1-5, 1996. 132. Andersen, J. and Bramble, S., The effects of f<strong>in</strong>germark enhancement light sources on subsequent PCR-STR DNA analysis of fresh bloodsta<strong>in</strong>s. J. Forensic Sci., 42(2), 303-306, 1997. 133. Fregeau, C. J., Germa<strong>in</strong>, O., and Fourney, R. M., F<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t enhancement revisited and the effects of blood enhancement chemicals on subsequent profiler plus fluorescent short tandem repeat DNA analysis of fresh and aged bloody f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts. J. Forensic Sci., 45(2), 354-380, 2000. 134. Miller, K., Blood reagents — their use and their effect on DNA. FIRRS Bullet<strong>in</strong> No. 42, November 1998.
135. Gross, A. M., Harris, K. A., and Kaldun, G. L., The effect of lum<strong>in</strong>ol on presumptive tests and DNA analysis us<strong>in</strong>g the polymerase cha<strong>in</strong> reaction. J. Forensic Sci., 44(4), 837-840, 1999. 136. Brignoli, C. and Coquoz, R., DNA compatibility with f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t detection techniques and blood reagents, paper presented at the International F<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t Research Group Meet<strong>in</strong>g, 25-28 May 1999. 137. Hochmeister, M. N., Budowle, B., and Baechtel, F. S., Effects of presumptive test reagents on the ability to obta<strong>in</strong> restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns from human blood and semen sta<strong>in</strong>s. J. Forensic Sci., 36(3), 656-661, 1991. 138. Roux, C., Gill, K., Sutton, J., and Lennard, C., A further study to <strong>in</strong>vestigate the effect of f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t enhancement techniques on the DNA analysis of bloodsta<strong>in</strong>s. J. Forensic Ident., 49(4), 357-376, 1999. 139. Zamir, A., Oz, C., and Geller, B., Threat mail and forensic science: DNA profil<strong>in</strong>g from items of evidence after treatment with DFO. J. Forensic Sci., 45(2), 445-446, 2000. 140. Van Oorschot, R. A. H. and Jones, M. K., DNA f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts from f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>ts. Nature, 387, 767, 1997. 141. Bellefeuille, J., Bowen, K., Wilk<strong>in</strong>son, D., and Yamishita, B., Crime scene protocols for DNA evidence. FIRRS Bullet<strong>in</strong> No. 45, April 1999. 142. Ladd, C., Adamowicz, M. S., Bourke, M. T., Schercz<strong>in</strong>ger, C. A., and Lee, H. C., A systematic analysis of secondary DNA transfer. J. Forensic Sci., 44(6), 1270–1272, 1999. 143. F<strong>in</strong>dlay, I., Taylor, A., Quirke, P., Frazier, R., and Urquhart, A., DNA f<strong>in</strong>gerpr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g from s<strong>in</strong>gle cells. Nature, 389, 555-556, 1997. 144. Batzer, M. A., Arcot, S. S., Ph<strong>in</strong>ney, J. W., Alegria-Hartman, M., Kass, D. H., Milligan, S. M., Kimpton, C., Gill, P., Hochmeister, M., Ioannou, P. A., Herrera, R. J., Boudreau, D. A., Scheer, W. D., Keats, B. J. B., De<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>ger, P. L., and Stonek<strong>in</strong>g, M., Genetic variation of recent alu <strong>in</strong>sertions <strong>in</strong> human populations. J. Mol. Evol., 42, 22-29, 1996. 145. Harpend<strong>in</strong>g, H. C., Batzer, M. A., Gurven, M., Jorde, L. B., Rogers, A. R., and Sherry, S. T., Genetic traces of ancient demography. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 95, 1961–1967, 1998. 146. Saferste<strong>in</strong>, R., DNA: a new forensic science tool. In Crim<strong>in</strong>alistics — An Introduction to Forensic Science, 7th edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 2000. 147. Lowe, A., DNA based predictions of physical characteristics. First International Conference on Forensic Human Identification <strong>in</strong> the Millenium, 1999, http://www.forensic.gov.uk/conference/papers_list.htm. 148. Jobl<strong>in</strong>g, M. A., The Y chromosome as a forensic tool: progress and prospects for the new millennium. First International Conference on Forensic Human Identification <strong>in</strong> the Millenium, 1999, http://www.forensic.gov.uk/conference/papers_list.htm.
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Advances in Advances Fingerprint Te
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Advances in Fingerprint Technology
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Preface The first edition of this b
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Acknowledgments We gratefully ackno
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Table of Contents Preface Acknowled
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History and Development of Fingerpr
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Figure 1.2 Basic fingerprint patter
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Figure 1.3 Portion of the prehensil
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Figure 1.4 Elliptical whorl. Theory
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The bricks, carefully laid and accu
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the megalithic builders, including
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made most of them. These “identif
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Figure 1.6 Nehemiah Grew. (Drawn by
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Figure 1.7 Right palm imprint in pl
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By kindly words of persuasion a ref
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Loop: Now if this oblique stripe by
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Figure 1.11 Dr. Ivan Vucetich. (Dra
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Sir Edward Henry and Sir William He
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in charge he undoubtedly supported
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1. Finding finger imprints on prehi
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Faulds edited seven issues of a fin
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much of his inspired research. For
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to the unrelenting efforts of Steeg
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and gathered around him a nucleus o
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I find that portions of palm imprin
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Identification of Latent Prints ROB
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Without it, no amount of further la
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work will quite often fare badly un
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Figure 2.3 Polygon method. Overlay
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Experience and Skill Although the t
- Page 64 and 65: The initial identification of the l
- Page 66 and 67: D5 D6 D7 I2 D8 D9 D10 No No No Reco
- Page 68 and 69: D11 I4 No D12 D11 I5 D12-1 D7 D12-2
- Page 70 and 71: D14 I7 D16 C3 D11 D14-2 D7 D14-3 C2
- Page 72 and 73: Figure 2.7 Example of pressure dist
- Page 74 and 75: 9. Mairs, G., Novel method of print
- Page 76 and 77: DNA From Latent Prints DNA From Blo
- Page 78 and 79: Figure 3.1 A schematic diagram show
- Page 80 and 81: Figure 3.3 A schematic diagram of t
- Page 82 and 83: (5 to 12 µg/L), bromide (0.2 to 0.
- Page 84 and 85: electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) include
- Page 86 and 87: Table 3.3 Anatomical Variation in t
- Page 88 and 89: Various oxidative and bacteriologic
- Page 90 and 91: acid content can change with time i
- Page 92 and 93: are of sebaceous origin. 82 Approxi
- Page 94 and 95: Table 3.7 Changes in Surface Lipid
- Page 96 and 97: gland’s activity. The more active
- Page 98 and 99: content. 108 Palmitic acid was foun
- Page 100 and 101: Figure 3.4a A chromatogram of a fin
- Page 102 and 103: various lipid classes found in a la
- Page 104 and 105: of DNA using RFLP. 130 No adverse e
- Page 106 and 107: was later found to be caused by the
- Page 108 and 109: 17. Seutter, E., Goedhart-De Groot,
- Page 110 and 111: 52. Downing, D. T., Strauss, J. S.,
- Page 112 and 113: 85. Summerly, R., Yardley, H. J., R
- Page 116 and 117: 149. Kloosterman, A., Application o
- Page 118 and 119: Coumarin 540 Dye Staining Method An
- Page 120 and 121: visualization of latent fingerprint
- Page 122 and 123: White powder Dolomite, starch powde
- Page 124 and 125: Fluorescein solution (in methanol/w
- Page 126 and 127: Notes: Dissolve the MoS 2 in the di
- Page 128 and 129: 4. Avoid inhaling any iodine fumes
- Page 130 and 131: CN CN CN A - A - CH2 C COOR CH2 C C
- Page 132 and 133: Large vacuum chambers for processin
- Page 134 and 135: Gentian Violet Solution — Non-Phe
- Page 136 and 137: Table 4.1 Approximate Absorption an
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- Page 140 and 141: Ninhydrin solutions may be applied
- Page 142 and 143: of development of ninhydrin-treated
- Page 144 and 145: and certain nonreactive surface mat
- Page 146 and 147: Procedure Xylene 50 mL Petroleum et
- Page 148 and 149: ehavior of Ruhemann’s purple-meta
- Page 150 and 151: 4. Rinse the specimen in tap water.
- Page 152 and 153: een treated with ninhydrin. In addi
- Page 154 and 155: Working solution Stock solution 6 m
- Page 156 and 157: Note: Combine and stir until citric
- Page 158 and 159: Zauner 181 noted that on a rare occ
- Page 160 and 161: 3. Expose the tape surface to a hig
- Page 162 and 163: lifting media were used, followed b
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under certain circumstances. The Br
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Physical Methods Visual Examination
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DRY Super Glue Fuming Powder Dustin
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Visual Examination Photography Iodi
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References 1. Olsen, R. D., Scott
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36. Springer, E. and Bergman, P., A
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74. McCarthy, M. M., Evaluation of
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110. Mooney, D. G., Development of
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142. Pounds, C. A., Grigg, R., and
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175. Jones, R. J. and Pounds, C. A.
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213. Hebrard, J. and Donche, A., Fi
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245. Misner, A., Wilkinson, D., and
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Fingerprint Development by Ninhydri
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Figure 5.1 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,3-indane
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Figure 5.4 Formation of murexide (V
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Figure 5.6 The 1,3-dipole form of t
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less volatile 1,1,2-trichloroethane
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Key to Routes Primary Special Secon
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Specially designed cabinets for che
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the importance of cooling the objec
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Figure 5.10 Ninhydrin (I) and some
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een prepared and evaluated as finge
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Figure 5.14 The red pigment formed
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Figure 5.16 The fluorescent product
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16. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., P
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51. Jungbluth, W.O., Replacement fo
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87. Kent, T., An operational guide
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116. Kobus, H.J., Pigou, P.E., Dell
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147. Dayan, S., Almog, J., Khodzhae
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Figure 6.1 Ninhydrin/ZnCl 2 vs. nin
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purposes of understanding their pho
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Ar-laser image monitor lens light c
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laser Figure 6.6 Block diagram of p
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step 1 step 2 step 3 fingerprint co
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nanocrystals. Photoluminescent semi
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Figure 6.11 Photoluminescence of fi
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H H H H N N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 H N N H N
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sample, rather than preferential ad
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O R C OH + R' NH2 R C Figure 6.16 G
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The amidation reaction depicted in
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Figure 6.20 Photoluminescence of fi
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Figure 6.22 Photoluminescence of fi
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R 1 - COOH + HO - N R 1 O C N H Fig
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29. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploeh
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Procedure Water and Acid Pretreatme
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The Silver Physical Development Pro
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(in the emulsion) the silver and si
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ions (found only on paper that has
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as that of print residue on porous
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+ + + + + + + Cit 3- Cit 3- Cit 3-
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Saunders. 22 Both workers recognize
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Figure 7.2 Scanning electron micros
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paper and these convert to ferric o
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Water and Acid Pretreatments The wa
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Figure 7.4 Comparison of a ninhydri
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Figure 7.7 Comparison of a ninhydri
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(0.2%) to not form silver oxide whe
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X-Ray and Scanning Electron Microsc
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is much to be done to optimize the
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3. Margot, P. and Lennard, C., Fing
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35. Morris, J.R. and Wells, J.M., A
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Introduction More than a century ha
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False Reject Rate (FRR) Civilian Ap
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Fingerprint Quality Acquisition Est
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finger gets mapped onto the two-dim
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 8.3 Fingerprint
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In forensics, a special kind of ink
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L A B (a) Finger Friction Surface R
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Fingerprint Representation A finger
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 8.8 A finger
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Figure 8.10 Relative configuration
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A minutiae feature extractor finds
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depicting a ridge in the fingerprin
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1. Singular points. The Poincare in
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Table 8.2 shows the results of the
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(a) (b) Figure 8.13 Two different i
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ox size is adjusted based on the es
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(a) (b) Figure 8.16 Fingerprinting
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0.5 -0.5 -1 200 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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andpass filters and extracts ridges
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(a) (b) Figure 8.19 Examples of enh
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A significant implication of the ab
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or otherwise. Therefore, there are
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Conclusions and Future Prospects Fi
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WSQ-related illustrations (Figure 8
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37. Siemens. The ID Mouse from Siem
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69. L. Hong, A. Jain, and S. Pankan
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Trauring Model (1963) Description o
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correspondence in friction ridge de
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extreme variability of friction rid
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5. Trauring 19 6. Kingston 20 7. Os
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variation need have no relationship
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1. Fork directed to the right 2. Fo
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e closer to reality. In any case, t
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There is not only opportunity for c
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that, in practice, it is relative d
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e the probability that there will b
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Correction factors (G) were introdu
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fingerprint individuality into two
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appreciated that the number of tria
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a corresponding reference point is
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Table 9.1 Kingston’s Relative Fre
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minutia counts in different-sized r
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If one is to use the compound forms
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Osterburg Model (1977-1980) Descrip
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of any occurrences that appear in t
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minutiae. Both the Kingston and Ost
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minutia orientation results in regi
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Orientation for minutiae was define
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the allowable combinations of minut
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selected for the study, based on th
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Table 9.4 Champod’s Upper Bound F
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that Champod and Margot proved to b
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fingerprint was isolated. This area
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that, for the experiments as design
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can be encouraged by the dedication
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37. Amy, L., Valeur de la preuve en
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The Expert Fingerprint Witness ROBE
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Qualifications of the Fingerprint E
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7. Results of comparisons conducted
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granted for a pretrial conference,
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any examination that I have conduct
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to fully understand the meaning of
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When seated in the witness stand, t
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jury but looked down at the floor i
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Courtroom Courtesy When in court, i
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If the attorney does not have the p
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Glossary of Commonly Used Courtroom
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Indictment An accusation in writing
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APPENDIX Daubert Hearings EDWARD GE
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The U.S. Government set presented e
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Presided over by the Honorable J. C