Advances in Fingerprint Technology.pdf

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(a) (b) Figure 8.13 Two different impressions of the same finger. To know the correspondence between the minutiae of these two fingerprint images, all minutiae must be precisely localized and the deformations must be recovered.
Figure 8.14 Aligned ridge structures of mated pairs. Note that the best alignment in one part (center) of the image results in large displacements between the corresponding minutiae in the other regions (bottom right). (From Jain, A., Hong, L., Pankanti, S., and Bolle, R., On-line identity-authentication system using fingerprints, Proc. IEEE (Special Issue on Automated Biometrics), 85(9), 1365–1388, September 1997.) matching, the test minutiae are searched in a square region centered (bounding box) around each template minutia in the aligned representation. The elastic matchers account for small local elastic deformations. Figure 8.14 illustrates a typical situation of aligned ridge structures of mated pairs. Note that the best alignment in one part (center) of the image can result in a large amount of displacement between the corresponding minutiae in the other regions (bottom right). In addition, observe that the distortion is nonlinear: given distortions at two arbitrary locations on the finger, it is not possible to predict the distortion at all the intervening points on the line joining the two points. Accommodating such large nonlinear distortions was the motivation underlying the design of the adaptive elastic string matching algorithm. 9 The operation of the adaptive elastic string matching algorithm (string matcher, for short) is similar to an elastic matcher. As in an elastic matcher, the test minutiae are searched in the bounding box neighborhood of each template minutia. In the string matcher, however, the size of the bounding box around each template minutia, unlike in elastic matcher, is not constant. The bounding
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Advances in Advances Fingerprint Te
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Advances in Fingerprint Technology
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Preface The first edition of this b
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Acknowledgments We gratefully ackno
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Table of Contents Preface Acknowled
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History and Development of Fingerpr
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Figure 1.2 Basic fingerprint patter
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Figure 1.3 Portion of the prehensil
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Figure 1.4 Elliptical whorl. Theory
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The bricks, carefully laid and accu
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the megalithic builders, including
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made most of them. These “identif
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Figure 1.6 Nehemiah Grew. (Drawn by
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Figure 1.7 Right palm imprint in pl
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By kindly words of persuasion a ref
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Loop: Now if this oblique stripe by
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Figure 1.11 Dr. Ivan Vucetich. (Dra
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Sir Edward Henry and Sir William He
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in charge he undoubtedly supported
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1. Finding finger imprints on prehi
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Faulds edited seven issues of a fin
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much of his inspired research. For
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to the unrelenting efforts of Steeg
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and gathered around him a nucleus o
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I find that portions of palm imprin
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Identification of Latent Prints ROB
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Without it, no amount of further la
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work will quite often fare badly un
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Figure 2.3 Polygon method. Overlay
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Experience and Skill Although the t
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The initial identification of the l
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D5 D6 D7 I2 D8 D9 D10 No No No Reco
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D11 I4 No D12 D11 I5 D12-1 D7 D12-2
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D14 I7 D16 C3 D11 D14-2 D7 D14-3 C2
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Figure 2.7 Example of pressure dist
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9. Mairs, G., Novel method of print
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DNA From Latent Prints DNA From Blo
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Figure 3.1 A schematic diagram show
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Figure 3.3 A schematic diagram of t
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(5 to 12 µg/L), bromide (0.2 to 0.
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electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) include
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Table 3.3 Anatomical Variation in t
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Various oxidative and bacteriologic
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acid content can change with time i
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are of sebaceous origin. 82 Approxi
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Table 3.7 Changes in Surface Lipid
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gland’s activity. The more active
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content. 108 Palmitic acid was foun
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Figure 3.4a A chromatogram of a fin
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various lipid classes found in a la
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of DNA using RFLP. 130 No adverse e
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was later found to be caused by the
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17. Seutter, E., Goedhart-De Groot,
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52. Downing, D. T., Strauss, J. S.,
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85. Summerly, R., Yardley, H. J., R
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120. Duff, J. M. and Menzel, E. R.,
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149. Kloosterman, A., Application o
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Coumarin 540 Dye Staining Method An
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visualization of latent fingerprint
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White powder Dolomite, starch powde
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Fluorescein solution (in methanol/w
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Notes: Dissolve the MoS 2 in the di
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4. Avoid inhaling any iodine fumes
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CN CN CN A - A - CH2 C COOR CH2 C C
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Large vacuum chambers for processin
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Gentian Violet Solution — Non-Phe
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Table 4.1 Approximate Absorption an
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and recorded by autoradiography. Ni
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Ninhydrin solutions may be applied
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of development of ninhydrin-treated
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and certain nonreactive surface mat
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Procedure Xylene 50 mL Petroleum et
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ehavior of Ruhemann’s purple-meta
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4. Rinse the specimen in tap water.
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een treated with ninhydrin. In addi
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Working solution Stock solution 6 m
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Note: Combine and stir until citric
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Zauner 181 noted that on a rare occ
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3. Expose the tape surface to a hig
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lifting media were used, followed b
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under certain circumstances. The Br
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Physical Methods Visual Examination
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DRY Super Glue Fuming Powder Dustin
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Visual Examination Photography Iodi
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References 1. Olsen, R. D., Scott
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36. Springer, E. and Bergman, P., A
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74. McCarthy, M. M., Evaluation of
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110. Mooney, D. G., Development of
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142. Pounds, C. A., Grigg, R., and
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175. Jones, R. J. and Pounds, C. A.
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213. Hebrard, J. and Donche, A., Fi
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245. Misner, A., Wilkinson, D., and
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Fingerprint Development by Ninhydri
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Figure 5.1 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,3-indane
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Figure 5.4 Formation of murexide (V
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Figure 5.6 The 1,3-dipole form of t
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less volatile 1,1,2-trichloroethane
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Key to Routes Primary Special Secon
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Specially designed cabinets for che
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the importance of cooling the objec
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Figure 5.10 Ninhydrin (I) and some
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een prepared and evaluated as finge
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Figure 5.14 The red pigment formed
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Figure 5.16 The fluorescent product
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16. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., P
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51. Jungbluth, W.O., Replacement fo
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87. Kent, T., An operational guide
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116. Kobus, H.J., Pigou, P.E., Dell
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147. Dayan, S., Almog, J., Khodzhae
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Figure 6.1 Ninhydrin/ZnCl 2 vs. nin
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purposes of understanding their pho
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Ar-laser image monitor lens light c
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laser Figure 6.6 Block diagram of p
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step 1 step 2 step 3 fingerprint co
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nanocrystals. Photoluminescent semi
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Figure 6.11 Photoluminescence of fi
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H H H H N N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 H N N H N
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sample, rather than preferential ad
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O R C OH + R' NH2 R C Figure 6.16 G
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The amidation reaction depicted in
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R 1 - COOH + HO - N R 1 O C N H Fig
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29. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploeh
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Procedure Water and Acid Pretreatme
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The Silver Physical Development Pro
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(in the emulsion) the silver and si
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ions (found only on paper that has
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as that of print residue on porous
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+ + + + + + + Cit 3- Cit 3- Cit 3-
Page 264 and 265: Saunders. 22 Both workers recognize
Page 266 and 267: Figure 7.2 Scanning electron micros
Page 268 and 269: paper and these convert to ferric o
Page 270 and 271: Water and Acid Pretreatments The wa
Page 272 and 273: Figure 7.4 Comparison of a ninhydri
Page 274 and 275: Figure 7.7 Comparison of a ninhydri
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Page 278 and 279: X-Ray and Scanning Electron Microsc
Page 280 and 281: is much to be done to optimize the
Page 282 and 283: 3. Margot, P. and Lennard, C., Fing
Page 284 and 285: 35. Morris, J.R. and Wells, J.M., A
Page 286 and 287: Introduction More than a century ha
Page 288 and 289: False Reject Rate (FRR) Civilian Ap
Page 290 and 291: Fingerprint Quality Acquisition Est
Page 292 and 293: finger gets mapped onto the two-dim
Page 294 and 295: (a) (b) (c) Figure 8.3 Fingerprint
Page 296 and 297: In forensics, a special kind of ink
Page 298 and 299: L A B (a) Finger Friction Surface R
Page 300 and 301: Fingerprint Representation A finger
Page 302 and 303: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 8.8 A finger
Page 304 and 305: Figure 8.10 Relative configuration
Page 306 and 307: A minutiae feature extractor finds
Page 308 and 309: depicting a ridge in the fingerprin
Page 310 and 311: 1. Singular points. The Poincare in
Page 312 and 313: Table 8.2 shows the results of the
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Page 318 and 319: (a) (b) Figure 8.16 Fingerprinting
Page 320 and 321: 0.5 -0.5 -1 200 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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Page 324 and 325: (a) (b) Figure 8.19 Examples of enh
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Page 328 and 329: or otherwise. Therefore, there are
Page 330 and 331: Conclusions and Future Prospects Fi
Page 332 and 333: WSQ-related illustrations (Figure 8
Page 334 and 335: 37. Siemens. The ID Mouse from Siem
Page 336 and 337: 69. L. Hong, A. Jain, and S. Pankan
Page 338 and 339: Trauring Model (1963) Description o
Page 340 and 341: correspondence in friction ridge de
Page 342 and 343: extreme variability of friction rid
Page 344 and 345: 5. Trauring 19 6. Kingston 20 7. Os
Page 346 and 347: variation need have no relationship
Page 348 and 349: 1. Fork directed to the right 2. Fo
Page 350 and 351: e closer to reality. In any case, t
Page 352 and 353: There is not only opportunity for c
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Page 358 and 359: Correction factors (G) were introdu
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a corresponding reference point is
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Table 9.1 Kingston’s Relative Fre
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minutia counts in different-sized r
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If one is to use the compound forms
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Osterburg Model (1977-1980) Descrip
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of any occurrences that appear in t
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minutiae. Both the Kingston and Ost
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minutia orientation results in regi
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Orientation for minutiae was define
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the allowable combinations of minut
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selected for the study, based on th
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Table 9.4 Champod’s Upper Bound F
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that Champod and Margot proved to b
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fingerprint was isolated. This area
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that, for the experiments as design
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can be encouraged by the dedication
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37. Amy, L., Valeur de la preuve en
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The Expert Fingerprint Witness ROBE
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Qualifications of the Fingerprint E
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7. Results of comparisons conducted
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granted for a pretrial conference,
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any examination that I have conduct
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to fully understand the meaning of
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When seated in the witness stand, t
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jury but looked down at the floor i
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Courtroom Courtesy When in court, i
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If the attorney does not have the p
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Glossary of Commonly Used Courtroom
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Indictment An accusation in writing
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APPENDIX Daubert Hearings EDWARD GE
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The U.S. Government set presented e
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Presided over by the Honorable J. C
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