Advances in Fingerprint Technology.pdf

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Figure 5.16 The fluorescent product of the reaction between 1,2-indanedione and amino acid. (From Petrovskaia, O.G., Design and Synthesis of Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Reagents for Amino Acid Detection, Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1999.) used methanol in their best formulation and did not notice any adverse effect. As opposed to Joullié, 144,145 they did notice a positive effect of cooling the exhibits to liquid nitrogen temperature. 151 Acetic acid was found to have a blurring effect on the developed prints and, hence, is not recommended for use in indanedione solutions. 150 After checking the various parameters, Wiesner et al. suggested a working solution composed of 1,2-indanedione (0.2%) in HFE7100 solvent, containing about 7% ethyl acetate. 150 Preliminary observations indicate the following advantages of 1,2-indanedione over DFO: 1. Higher sensitivity (it detects more identifiable prints) 2. Higher solubility in nonpolar solvents 3. Good results in a non-CFC solvent (HFE7100) 4. Cost The reaction mechanism of 1,2-indanedione with amino acids was explored by Petrovskaia and Joullié, who suggest the formation of a 1,3-dipole (XXVII, Figure 5.16) as the fluorescent species. 112 Wiesner et al. 150 report that no new prints can be observed in a sequential treatment with ninhydrin after 1,2-indanedione. In the authors’ opinion, this indicates a faster and more complete reaction of indanedione with amino acids than the DFO reaction with amino acids (after which ninhydrin does provide new prints). Thus, the use of indanedione may save one stage in the sequence: DFO, ninhydrin, PD, which can turn to indanedione and PD. Several groups in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, and Japan have initiated extensive studies to evaluate 1,2-indanedione for operational use. The Israel Police, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), has already begun to use 1,2-indanedione in casework involving serious crimes. 152
References 1. Olsen, R.D., Scott’s Fingerprint Mechanics, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1978. 2. Pounds, C.A., Developments in fingerprint visualization, in Forensic Science Progress, Vol. 3, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988. 3. Caton, H.C., Physical and chemical aspects of latent print development, in Proc. Conf. Sci. Fingerprints, Police Scientific Development Branch, Home Office, London, 1974. 4. Chemical development of latent impressions, FBI Law Enforcement Bull., 39, 8, 1970 (revised April 1976). 5. Udenfriend, S., Stein, S., Bohlen, P., Dairman, W., Leimgruber, W., and Weigele, M., A reagent for assay of amino acids, peptides, proteins and primary amines in the picomole range, Science, 178, 871, 1972. 6. Mayer, S.W., Meilleur, C.P., and Jones, P.F., The use of orthophthalaldehyde for superior visualization of latent fingerprints, Identification News, 9, 13, 1977. 7. Lee, H.C. and Attard, A.E., Comparison of fluorescamine, o-phthalaldehyde, and ninhydrin for the detection and visualization of latent fingerprints, J. Police Sci. Admin., 7, 333, 1979. 8. Almog, J., Scope and limitations of the use of alloxan as a potential fingerprint reagent, Israel Police R&D Report DM/2037, Oct. 1982 (in Hebrew). 9. Almog, J., Rozen, S., and Scharf, G., Reaction of Naphthalene-2,3-Dicarboxaldehyde with Amino Acids and with Latent Fingerprints on Paper, Israel Police R&D Report DM/2037, Sept. 1981 (in Hebrew). 10. Carlson, R.G., Srinivasachar, K., Givens, R., and Matuszewski, B.K., New derivatizing agents for amino acids and peptides. 1. Facile synthesis of Nsubstituted 1-cyanobenz(f)isoindoles and their spectroscopic properties, J. Org. Chem., 51, 3979, 1986. 11. Roach, M.C. and Harmony, M.D., Determination of amino acids in subfemtomole levels by high performance liquid chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection, Anal. Chem., 59, 411, 1987. 12. Salares, V.R., Eves, C.R., and Carey, P.R., On the detection of fingerprints by laser excited luminescence, Forensic Sci. Int., 14, 229, 1979. 13. Warrener, R.N., Kobus, H.J., and Stoilovic, M., An evaluation of the reagent NBD-chloride for the production of luminescent fingerprints on paper. I. Support for a xenon arc lamp being a cheaper and valuable alternative to an argon ion laser as an excitation source, Forensic Sci. Int., 23, 179, 1983. 14. Almog, A., Zeichner, A., Shifrina, S., and Scharf, G., Nitro-benzofurazanyl ethers — a new series of fluorigenic fingerprint reagents, J. Forensic Sci., 32, 585, 1987. 15. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., The application of chemical techniques in the development of latent fingerprints, unpublished, 1982.
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Advances in Advances Fingerprint Te
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Advances in Fingerprint Technology
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Preface The first edition of this b
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Acknowledgments We gratefully ackno
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Table of Contents Preface Acknowled
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History and Development of Fingerpr
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Figure 1.2 Basic fingerprint patter
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Figure 1.3 Portion of the prehensil
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Figure 1.4 Elliptical whorl. Theory
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The bricks, carefully laid and accu
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the megalithic builders, including
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made most of them. These “identif
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Figure 1.6 Nehemiah Grew. (Drawn by
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Figure 1.7 Right palm imprint in pl
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By kindly words of persuasion a ref
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Loop: Now if this oblique stripe by
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Figure 1.11 Dr. Ivan Vucetich. (Dra
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Sir Edward Henry and Sir William He
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in charge he undoubtedly supported
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1. Finding finger imprints on prehi
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Faulds edited seven issues of a fin
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much of his inspired research. For
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to the unrelenting efforts of Steeg
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and gathered around him a nucleus o
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I find that portions of palm imprin
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Identification of Latent Prints ROB
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Without it, no amount of further la
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work will quite often fare badly un
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Figure 2.3 Polygon method. Overlay
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Experience and Skill Although the t
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The initial identification of the l
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D5 D6 D7 I2 D8 D9 D10 No No No Reco
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D11 I4 No D12 D11 I5 D12-1 D7 D12-2
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D14 I7 D16 C3 D11 D14-2 D7 D14-3 C2
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Figure 2.7 Example of pressure dist
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9. Mairs, G., Novel method of print
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DNA From Latent Prints DNA From Blo
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Figure 3.1 A schematic diagram show
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Figure 3.3 A schematic diagram of t
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(5 to 12 µg/L), bromide (0.2 to 0.
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electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) include
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Table 3.3 Anatomical Variation in t
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Various oxidative and bacteriologic
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acid content can change with time i
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are of sebaceous origin. 82 Approxi
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Table 3.7 Changes in Surface Lipid
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gland’s activity. The more active
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content. 108 Palmitic acid was foun
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Figure 3.4a A chromatogram of a fin
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various lipid classes found in a la
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of DNA using RFLP. 130 No adverse e
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was later found to be caused by the
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17. Seutter, E., Goedhart-De Groot,
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52. Downing, D. T., Strauss, J. S.,
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85. Summerly, R., Yardley, H. J., R
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120. Duff, J. M. and Menzel, E. R.,
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149. Kloosterman, A., Application o
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Coumarin 540 Dye Staining Method An
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visualization of latent fingerprint
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White powder Dolomite, starch powde
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Fluorescein solution (in methanol/w
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Notes: Dissolve the MoS 2 in the di
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4. Avoid inhaling any iodine fumes
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CN CN CN A - A - CH2 C COOR CH2 C C
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Large vacuum chambers for processin
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Gentian Violet Solution — Non-Phe
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Table 4.1 Approximate Absorption an
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and recorded by autoradiography. Ni
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Ninhydrin solutions may be applied
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of development of ninhydrin-treated
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and certain nonreactive surface mat
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Procedure Xylene 50 mL Petroleum et
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ehavior of Ruhemann’s purple-meta
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4. Rinse the specimen in tap water.
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een treated with ninhydrin. In addi
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Working solution Stock solution 6 m
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Note: Combine and stir until citric
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Zauner 181 noted that on a rare occ
Page 160 and 161: 3. Expose the tape surface to a hig
Page 162 and 163: lifting media were used, followed b
Page 164 and 165: under certain circumstances. The Br
Page 166 and 167: Physical Methods Visual Examination
Page 168 and 169: DRY Super Glue Fuming Powder Dustin
Page 170 and 171: Visual Examination Photography Iodi
Page 172 and 173: References 1. Olsen, R. D., Scott
Page 174 and 175: 36. Springer, E. and Bergman, P., A
Page 176 and 177: 74. McCarthy, M. M., Evaluation of
Page 178 and 179: 110. Mooney, D. G., Development of
Page 180 and 181: 142. Pounds, C. A., Grigg, R., and
Page 182 and 183: 175. Jones, R. J. and Pounds, C. A.
Page 184 and 185: 213. Hebrard, J. and Donche, A., Fi
Page 186 and 187: 245. Misner, A., Wilkinson, D., and
Page 188 and 189: Fingerprint Development by Ninhydri
Page 190 and 191: Figure 5.1 2,2-Dihydroxy-1,3-indane
Page 192 and 193: Figure 5.4 Formation of murexide (V
Page 194 and 195: Figure 5.6 The 1,3-dipole form of t
Page 196 and 197: less volatile 1,1,2-trichloroethane
Page 198 and 199: Key to Routes Primary Special Secon
Page 200 and 201: Specially designed cabinets for che
Page 202 and 203: the importance of cooling the objec
Page 204 and 205: Figure 5.10 Ninhydrin (I) and some
Page 206 and 207: een prepared and evaluated as finge
Page 208 and 209: Figure 5.14 The red pigment formed
Page 212 and 213: 16. Pounds, C.A. and Jones, R.J., P
Page 214 and 215: 51. Jungbluth, W.O., Replacement fo
Page 216 and 217: 87. Kent, T., An operational guide
Page 218 and 219: 116. Kobus, H.J., Pigou, P.E., Dell
Page 220 and 221: 147. Dayan, S., Almog, J., Khodzhae
Page 222 and 223: Figure 6.1 Ninhydrin/ZnCl 2 vs. nin
Page 224 and 225: purposes of understanding their pho
Page 226 and 227: Ar-laser image monitor lens light c
Page 228 and 229: laser Figure 6.6 Block diagram of p
Page 230 and 231: step 1 step 2 step 3 fingerprint co
Page 232 and 233: nanocrystals. Photoluminescent semi
Page 234 and 235: Figure 6.11 Photoluminescence of fi
Page 236 and 237: H H H H N N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 H N N H N
Page 238 and 239: sample, rather than preferential ad
Page 240 and 241: O R C OH + R' NH2 R C Figure 6.16 G
Page 242 and 243: The amidation reaction depicted in
Page 248 and 249: R 1 - COOH + HO - N R 1 O C N H Fig
Page 250 and 251: 29. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploeh
Page 252 and 253: Procedure Water and Acid Pretreatme
Page 254 and 255: The Silver Physical Development Pro
Page 256 and 257: (in the emulsion) the silver and si
Page 258 and 259: ions (found only on paper that has
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as that of print residue on porous
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+ + + + + + + Cit 3- Cit 3- Cit 3-
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Saunders. 22 Both workers recognize
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Figure 7.2 Scanning electron micros
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paper and these convert to ferric o
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Water and Acid Pretreatments The wa
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Figure 7.4 Comparison of a ninhydri
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Figure 7.7 Comparison of a ninhydri
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(0.2%) to not form silver oxide whe
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X-Ray and Scanning Electron Microsc
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is much to be done to optimize the
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3. Margot, P. and Lennard, C., Fing
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35. Morris, J.R. and Wells, J.M., A
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Introduction More than a century ha
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False Reject Rate (FRR) Civilian Ap
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Fingerprint Quality Acquisition Est
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finger gets mapped onto the two-dim
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 8.3 Fingerprint
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In forensics, a special kind of ink
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L A B (a) Finger Friction Surface R
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Fingerprint Representation A finger
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 8.8 A finger
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Figure 8.10 Relative configuration
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A minutiae feature extractor finds
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depicting a ridge in the fingerprin
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1. Singular points. The Poincare in
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Table 8.2 shows the results of the
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(a) (b) Figure 8.13 Two different i
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ox size is adjusted based on the es
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(a) (b) Figure 8.16 Fingerprinting
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0.5 -0.5 -1 200 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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andpass filters and extracts ridges
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(a) (b) Figure 8.19 Examples of enh
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A significant implication of the ab
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or otherwise. Therefore, there are
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Conclusions and Future Prospects Fi
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WSQ-related illustrations (Figure 8
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37. Siemens. The ID Mouse from Siem
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69. L. Hong, A. Jain, and S. Pankan
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Trauring Model (1963) Description o
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correspondence in friction ridge de
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extreme variability of friction rid
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5. Trauring 19 6. Kingston 20 7. Os
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variation need have no relationship
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1. Fork directed to the right 2. Fo
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e closer to reality. In any case, t
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There is not only opportunity for c
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that, in practice, it is relative d
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e the probability that there will b
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Correction factors (G) were introdu
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fingerprint individuality into two
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appreciated that the number of tria
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a corresponding reference point is
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Table 9.1 Kingston’s Relative Fre
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minutia counts in different-sized r
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If one is to use the compound forms
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Osterburg Model (1977-1980) Descrip
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of any occurrences that appear in t
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minutiae. Both the Kingston and Ost
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minutia orientation results in regi
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Orientation for minutiae was define
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the allowable combinations of minut
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selected for the study, based on th
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Table 9.4 Champod’s Upper Bound F
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that Champod and Margot proved to b
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fingerprint was isolated. This area
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that, for the experiments as design
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can be encouraged by the dedication
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37. Amy, L., Valeur de la preuve en
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The Expert Fingerprint Witness ROBE
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Qualifications of the Fingerprint E
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7. Results of comparisons conducted
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granted for a pretrial conference,
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any examination that I have conduct
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to fully understand the meaning of
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When seated in the witness stand, t
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jury but looked down at the floor i
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Courtroom Courtesy When in court, i
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If the attorney does not have the p
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Glossary of Commonly Used Courtroom
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Indictment An accusation in writing
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APPENDIX Daubert Hearings EDWARD GE
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The U.S. Government set presented e
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Presided over by the Honorable J. C
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